湖南省煤炭产业绿色化发展存在的问题及策略

 2022-01-17 11:01

论文总字数:10882字

目 录

一 绪论······································································································3

  1. 研究背景及意义···················································································3
  2. 国内外研究现状···················································································3

二 湖南省煤炭产业绿色化发展存在的问题··········································4

(一)煤炭利用总量和强度呈爆炸式扩张···························································4

(二)生态环境问题日益凸显··········································································5

(三)煤炭产业绿色化管理水平与技术创新水平低···············································5

三 湖南省煤炭产业绿色化发展关键影响因素识别······························5

(一)煤炭开采环节关键影响因素····································································6

(二)煤炭加工转化环节关键影响因素······························································6

(三)煤炭终端消费环节关键影响因素······························································6

四 湖南省煤炭产业绿色化发展的战略及对策······································7

(一)煤炭产业绿色化发展技术创新·································································7

(二)煤炭产业绿色化发展管理体制创新···························································7

(三)煤炭企业应对措施················································································7

五 结论······································································································7

参考文献····································································································8

致谢············································································································9

湖南省煤炭产业绿色化发展存在的问题及策略

丽娜·也尔巴特

, China

Abstract: The green development of coal industry is an important measure to realize the sustainable development of Hunan's economy, society, resources and environment. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the green development of coal industry in Hunan province from the following aspects: the explosive expansion of coal utilization and intensity, the increasingly prominent ecological environment problems, the low green management level and technological innovation level of coal industry. We identify the key factors affecting the green development of Hunan coal industry from the link of coal mining, processing and transformation, terminal consumption. At last, we propose the strategy and Countermeasures for coal industry green development in Hunan Province: to strengthen coal industry green development technology innovation, to strengthen coal industry green development management system innovation, and to strengthen the response of coal enterprises.

Key words: Coal industry; green development; existing problems; strategy; Hunan Province

一 绪论

(一)研究背景及意义

作为我国最丰富的能源资源类型之一,煤炭有长期发展潜力。煤炭在国民经济和社会发展中发挥着非常重要的作用。近年来,随着社会经济的快速发展,粗放型增长方式导致能源高消耗、低产出。能源消费快速增长,供需差距逐渐扩大,能源价格持续上涨,瓶颈制约日益突出。从长远社会经济和生态环境持续发展的角度来看,我国煤炭资源的安全不仅要保障煤炭资源的供给,还要满足生态文明及循环经济建设的需要,努力实现能源利用、经济社会及生态环境的协调发展。党的十九大明确指出:生态环境的治理和维护正式由此成为了新时代中国共产党的重要历史使命之一,并制订了相关法律与政策,提出了详细的生态文明建设措施:如加速建立绿色生产及绿色消费的法律制度和政策导向;要加大污染物排放标准的管理力度,强化污染源责任,完善环保信用评估、信息披露制度、严惩重罚。近年来,煤炭工业发展势头虽好转,但仍存在着不容小觑的问题,体现为:低集中产出度、低产出能力、低安全保障度、低绿色化生产水平。

湖南省位居我国东南部区域,地处长江中游,东与武功诸山系和江西省交界;西与云贵高原和贵州接连;南与南岭、罗霄山脉与广东、广西等省交界;北与洞庭湖、滨湖平原和湖北省接壤,其重要的生态地理位置决定了生态的敏感性和脆弱性。湖南省的生态环境对维护长江中下游生态环境平衡,乃至促进长江中下游社会经济的健康发展都起着不可忽视的作用。湖南省化石能源贫乏,但煤炭资源相对丰富,且分布广泛,其13个市州、86个县市区都有煤炭资源分布。2010年全省煤炭资源总量达74亿吨,其中探明已确定储量达31.6亿吨。2012年湖南省一次能源生产折合6918.93万吨标煤,其中原煤占91.09%,水电占8.91%,煤炭消费占一次能源消费总量的79.77%,煤炭在湖南省一次能源生产和消费中所占的比重超出了全国的平均水平。

煤炭产业作为湖南省重要经济产业,对其经济可持续发展具有重要战略意义。在当今提倡社会经济可持续发展的背景下,高消耗、高排放、高污染的粗放型发展模式给人们赖以生存的生态环境带来严重污染和破坏,已不符合时代发展的需求。为解决好当前日益恶化的生态环境问题,避免进一步恶化,同时满足日益增长的能源资源需求,煤炭产业必须走绿色可持续发展之路,协调资源与环境的关系。那么湖南省煤炭产业绿色化发展状况如何,存在哪些问题,绿色化发展的关键影响因素有哪些,有何应对策略,这些均需要科学研究给予解答。

(二)国内外研究现状

目前,引入循环经济理念的绿色化煤炭产业研究得到了国际广泛关注,即煤炭产业绿色化发展就是煤炭产业循环经济的发展。在资源和环境的制约下,循环经济是以“减量化、再利用、资源化”的广泛经济增长原则为基础,使粗放的经济增长方式转变为“低能耗、高利用率、再循环”的集约型经济增长模式。并使其形成“资源-产品-再生资源-再生产品”的循环过程,实现经济、社会、资源、环境的和谐统一及可持续发展。Adisa Azapagic(2004)等外国学者为煤炭行业的可持续发展制定了一个全面的指标框架[1]。Gavin M.Mudd(2010)剖析了澳洲煤炭产业生态发展的主流方向,合理规划,实现煤炭产业可持续发展[2]。国内学者主要以循环经济理念为基础研究分析煤炭工产业绿色化循环经济的发展。周仁(2004)基于循环经济理论,制定了煤炭循环经济的发展模式,基于企业、地区和社会三个层面[3],而张国英则基于企业内部、企业间、社会间三个视角,探讨了煤炭行业的周期模式[4]。张永刚等(2006)建议提高煤炭资源的综合利用,扩大煤炭产业链[5]。张柒明(2007)利用公共政策和循环经济的原则,提出了丰城煤业循环经济发展的模式及对策[6]。江涛(2007)和宋红娜(2008)分别建立了煤炭产业循环经济模糊综合评估模型,并进行了实证剖析[7-8]。李晓华(2013)建立了煤炭绿色供应链绩效评估模型和指标体系,并利用超级效率DEA-IAHP对内蒙古煤炭绿色供应链整体绩效做了评估[9]。李丹(2013)关注煤炭绿色供应链,研究了煤炭绿色供应链体系的构建及优化[10]

在煤炭绿色发展指标体系研究方面,王小雨(2009,2010)以可持续发展理念为基础,构建了煤炭绿色开采评估指标体系[11-12],从社会发展、经济发展、资源开发利用及环境保护四个方面进行了研究。李洁等(2012)建立了一套可持续发展评估指标体系[13],从经济可持续发展的战略观点出发,客观地反映了绿色矿业在工业煤矿中的实施程度及实现结果。郭佳(2012)、阎志刚等(2012)提出了绿色矿山发展的要求,建立了绿色煤矿建设技术评估指标体系[14-15]

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