跨国代孕的国际私法问题研究

论文总字数：26553字

摘 要

学号：25012109

姓名：王书愉

指导教师：戴庆康

跨国代孕因一些国家法律监管的空白而成为一个全球“产业”。委托夫妇规避本国法的监管选择跨国代孕服务孕育下一代。跨国代孕所生子女可能成为国际法律规则缺位的牺牲品，成为没有父母照顾的法律孤儿。

论文首先对代孕和跨国代孕的内涵及外延进行了概述，指出进行跨国代孕所生子女法定父母认定国际私法问题研究的意义。接着，就各国立法例和司法实践探讨跨国代孕所生子女法定父母地位建立和争议的法律冲突和法律适用问题。

然后，从国际人权法院判例和区域、国际公约中找寻各国之间建立统一冲突法规则的共同价值基础，指出解决跨国代孕所生子女无父无母无国籍的问题必须靠构建统一的国际私法规则。从国际和国内立法两方面为建立跨国代孕所生子女法定父母认定的国际法律合作框架提出立法建议。

论文最后部分，从弱势群体保护的角度看跨国代孕所生子女法定父母认定外国公文或裁决承认问题上公共秩序保留制度的适用空间。

[关键词]跨国代孕 法定父母 法律冲突 承认

ABSTRACT

Cross-border surrogacy has become a global‘industry’in that the divides between different legal jurisdictions has not kept pace with the development of these globalised transactions.The private international law relating to the attribution of legal parenthood is poorly designed to respond to cross-border surrogacy arrangements ,and that creates a myriad of legal hurdles that makes children born through cross-border surrogacy end up with no legal parents.

This paperwork provides a preliminary overview of the definitions of surrogacy and cross-border surrogacy.Different legal parenthood established according to the laws of different States results in children born under transnational surrogacy arrangements easily being left with “limping” legal parenthood.So this paper also undertakes an examination of the choice of law rules and conflict of laws concerning the establishment and contestation of legal parenthood in cross-border surrogacy cases to find what international efforts can be made to solve the problem.Then,it analyses the recognition rules concerning the foreign judgment and foreign documents produced by foreign authorities establishing or evidencing the legal parenthood established abroad.

This paper concludes that it is of vital importance to work at the internal and international level on the international legal parenthood frameworks to accommodate the different approaches to consider legal parenthood issues surrounding cross-border surrogacy on the basis of viewing child’s best interests as the paramount consideration.

KEYWORDS:Cross-border Surrogacy Legal Parenthood Conflict of Laws Recognition

目录

摘要…………………………………………………………………………………I

Abstract……………………………………………………………………………II

前言…………………………………………………………………………………1

一、跨国代孕的国际私法问题概述

（一）代孕…………………………………………………………………………2

（二）跨国代孕……………………………………………………………………2

（三）跨国代孕的主要国际私法问题……………………………………………3

二、跨国代孕子女法定父母认定的意义和基本原则……………………………4

（一）跨国代孕所生子女法定父母认定的意义…………………………………4

（二）代孕所生子女法定父母认定的基本原则…………………………………4

三、跨国代孕子女法定父母地位的建立…………………………………………5

（一）立法现状与司法实践………………………………………………………5

（二）出生地国与接收国的法律冲突……………………………………………7

（三）两大法系法律适用的特点…………………………………………………8

四、跨国代孕子女法定父母身份认定的争议……………………………………9

（一）争议的管辖权规则…………………………………………………………9

1. 争议的法律冲突……………………………………………………………10
2. 争议法律适用的复杂性……………………………………………………11
3. 跨国代孕所生子女法定父母认定的国际私法规则…………………………11

（一）建立统一的冲突法规则的可能性…………………………………………11

（二）国际私法规则构建建议……………………………………………………12

（三）中国相关法律的完善………………………………………………………13

六、跨国代孕所生子女法定父母认定的外国公文或判决的承认与执行………13

1. 外国认定公文或判决承认与执行的立法现状……………………………13
2. 外国认定公文或判决承认与执行的条件…………………………………14
3. 公共秩序保留与弱势群体保护……………………………………………15

结论…………………………………………………………………………………16

参考文献……………………………………………………………………………17

谢辞…………………………………………………………………………………18

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