营改增背景下我国房地产企业资本结构动态调整研究

 2022-04-17 10:04

论文总字数:39887字

摘 要

房地产行业关乎国民经济的命脉。2016年5月1日,营改增进入收官阶段,房地产行业营业税向增值税过渡。除了静态资本结构,房地产企业资本结构的调整速度和调整方式也必然受到影响。

本文依据证监会2012版行业划分标准,选取2014—2018年在沪深A股上市交易的113家房地产企业为研究样本,其中国有房地产企业56家,非国有房地产企业57家。本文首先利用修正的最小二乘虚拟变量法进行估计得到目标资本结构。其次,本文建立多元线性回归模型探究了营改增对偏离目标资本结构的程度的影响。再次,在区分不同产权性质后,本文利用部分调整模型研究了营改增对调整速度的影响。最后,划分出过度负债子样本后,本文利用Logit模型研究了营改增对资本结构调整方式的影响。

基于上述实证研究,本文的研究得到以下四个结论:

第一,营改增降低了我国房地产企业与目标资本结构的偏离程度。第二,营改增降低了我国房地产企业资本结构动态调整的速度。第三,区分不同产权性质,营改增的影响在非国有企业中更为显著,显示了非国有企业在面对外界制度环境变化时反应更为迅速,调整也更有效率。第四,营改增前,我国房地产上市公司的主要调整资本结构的方式为净债务融资方式,而通过净权益融资方式来调节的比较少。营改增显著减少了净权益融资方式,而对净债务融资方式的影响较小。

本文的研究以期帮助房地产企业利用国家宏观税收调控进行科学合理的资本结构决策以及整个财政体制进一步深化改革。此外,研究不同产权结构下的房地产企业的资本结构动态调整,为推进我国政府职能改革提供了良好的支撑。

关键词:营改增,房地产企业,资本结构,动态调整

Abstract

The real estate industry is the national economic lifeline. Since May 1, 2016, the reform about transition from business tax to value-added tax(BT-to-VAT) has covered the real estate industry, which means this tax reform has entered the closing stage. Besides the static capital structure, the speed and method of capital structure adjustment are bound to be influenced by BT-to-VAT in the real estate industry.

According to the Securities Regulatory Commission's industry classification standard of 2012, 113 real estate enterprises listed and traded in Shanghai and Shenzhen A-shares from 2014 to 2018 are selected as research samples, including 56 state-owned real estate enterprises and 57 non-state-owned real estate enterprises. Based on the method of least squares dummy variable corrections, the target capital structure is firstly estimated. Following that, the great influence of BT-to-VAT on the deviation from the target capital structure is also discussed. After differentiating different property rights, this study further studies the impact of BT-to-VAT on the speed of capital structure adjustment by establishing a partial adjustment model. Additionally, in the sub-sample of over-indebted real estate enterprises, the logit model is used to research the impact of BT-to-VAT on capital structure adjustment methods.

The following conclusions are reached in this thesis:

Firstly, the BT-to-VAT minimized the degree of deviation from the target capital structure. Secondly, it decreased the speed of capital structure adjustment. Thirdly, the impact of the tax reform was more prominent in non-state-owned enterprises, which react more quickly and adjust more effectively in the face of changes. Finally, before the reform, the main channel for adjusting the capital structure was net debt financing. After the reform, the net equity financing method was significantly reduced, but the impact on the net debt financing method was small.

In this thesis, the main purpose is to help real estate enterprises make scientific and rational capital structure decisions by taking advantage of national macro-tax regulations, and to deepen the reform of the whole financial system. In addition, the study under different property rights structure provides a good support for promoting the reform of government functions.

KEY WORDS: BT-to-VAT, real estate enterprise, capital structure, dynamic adjustment

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 导论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 2

1.2研究思路与研究方法 2

1.2.1研究思路 2

1.2.2研究方法 2

1.3可能的创新与不足之处 3

1.3.1可能的创新之处 3

1.3.2不足之处 3

1.4结构安排与研究内容 4

1.5相关概念界定 5

1.5.1营改增 5

1.5.2房地产 5

1.5.3资本结构 5

第二章 文献综述 6

2.1营改增国内外研究动态 6

2.2资本结构动态调整国内外研究动态 7

第三章 理论基础与研究假设 10

3.1营改增与偏离目标资本结构的程度 10

3.2营改增与资本结构调整速度 10

3.3营改增与资本结构调整方式 11

3.4不同产权性质下营改增与资本结构调整速度 11

第四章 实证研究 13

4.1样本选择和数据来源 13

4.2变量定义及实证模型设定 13

4.2.1变量定义 13

4.2.2营改增影响偏离目标资本结构程度的实证模型 16

4.2.3营改增影响资本结构调整速度的实证模型 16

4.2.4营改增影响资本结构调整方式的实证模型 17

4.3描述性统计分析 17

4.4实证结果分析 20

4.4.1营改增与偏离目标资本结构程度 20

4.4.2营改增与资本结构调整速度 21

4.4.3营改增与资本结构调整方式 22

4.5稳健性检验 23

4.5.1变量替代的稳健性检验 23

4.5.2模型设定的稳健性检验 24

4.5.3 估计方法的稳健性检验 25

第五章 结论与启示 26

5.1研究结论 26

5.2研究展望 26

5.3启示 27

参考文献 29

致谢 32

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