政府扶持对新能源汽车企业资本结构动态调整影响

 2022-04-17 10:04

论文总字数:35621字

摘 要

进入二十一世纪以来,能源短缺与环境污染问题日益凸显,但汽车保有量却逐年提升。为了发展绿色经济,我国将新能源汽车产业作为战略性新兴产业。政府对其实行了一系列的扶持政策。为了真正鼓励创新,减少“骗补”现象,政府扶持自2014年来缓慢退坡。自2009年明确对新能源汽车企业进行扶持补贴以来,对于扶持效果的文献很多,但很少采用量化研究的方法对扶持效果展开研究。而近年来动态资本结构理论的提出与发展为本文研究该问题提供了很好的量化研究的理论基础与方法模型。动态资本结构理论认为企业有一个最优资本结构,趋向最优资本结构的收益为正。受到内外部环境的影响,最优资本结构不断变动。企业为了追求价值最大化,资本结构会向最优资本结构动态调整。由于调整成本的存在,企业只能进行部分调整。基于此便产生了部分调整模型。企业的资本结构对于企业的价值具有重大意义,从企业资本结构动态调整的角度去探究政府扶持的效果,角度独特,可以为政府提供很好的政策指导,也可以为新能源汽车企业财务决策提供很好的建议。

基于以上背景和意义,本文以Choice数据库中新能源车板块2009-2017年的117家上市公司为样本数据,通过构建资本结构部分调整模型,并运用修正的最小二乘虚拟变量法(LSDVC)、普通最小二乘法(OLS)、固定效应模型(FE)以及二元离散选择模型(Probit和Logit)等进行参数估计,研究了政府扶持对新能源汽车企业资本结构动态调整方向、速度以及调整方式的影响。并进一步比较了政府扶持对国企与非国企、退坡前与退坡后资本结构动态调整速度的影响。

结果显示,政府扶持通过促进权益融资的方式加快了新能源汽车企业向目标资本结构调整的速度。并且对国企的正向促进作用要小于非国企、退坡后正向促进作用有所减弱。最后,基于研究结果对政府以及新能源汽车企业提出了相关建议。

关键词: 政府扶持,新能源汽车企业,资本结构,动态调整

ABSTRACT

Since the beginning of the 21st century, energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent .However ,car ownership has increased year by year. In order to develop a green economy, China has adopted a new energy automobile industry as a strategic emerging industry, and implemented a series of government support policies. In order to truly encourage innovation and reduce the phenomenon of “cheat”, government support have slowly declined since 2014. Since the support for new energy auto companies have been clearly defined in 2009, there are many literatures on the effects of support, but quantitative research methods are rarely used to study the effects of support. In recent years, the development of dynamic capital structure theory has provided a good theoretical basis and method model for our research. The theory of dynamic capital structure holds that enterprises have an optimal capital structure, and the return to the optimal capital structure is positive. Under the influence of internal and external environment, the optimal capital structure is constantly changing. In order to maximize value, the capital structure will be dynamically adjusted to the optimal capital structure. Due to the existence of adjustment costs, enterprises can only make partial adjustments. Based on this, a partial adjustment model is generated. The capital structure of an enterprise has the important significance to the value of the enterprise. From the perspective of the dynamic adjustment of the capital structure of the enterprise, the effect of government support is explored. The angle is unique, which can provide good policy guidance for the government, and can also provide good suggestion for new energy auto companies.

Based on the background and significance above, this paper takes 117 listed companies in the new energy vehicle sector from 2009 to 2017 as sample data, and builds a capital structure partial adjustment model, and uses the modified least squares virtual variable method (LSDVC) 、ordinary minimum two. Multiply (OLS)、Fixed effect model(FE) and binary discrete selection models (Probit and Logit) to estimate the parameters, and the impact of government support on the dynamic adjustment direction、speed and adjustment mode of new energy auto companies is studied. And further compare the impact of government support on the dynamic adjustment speed before and after the retreat, state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises.

The results show that government support speed up the adjustment of new energy auto companies to the target capital structure by promoting equity financing. And after the retreat, the positive promotion effect is weakened, and the positive promotion effect on state-owned enterprises is smaller than that of non-state-owned enterprises.Finally, based on the research results, relevant recommendations were made to the government and new energy auto companies.

KEY WORDS: government support, new energy auto companies, capital structure,dynamic adjustment 目 录

摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

第一章 导论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.1.1研究背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 4

1.2研究思路与方法 5

1.2.1研究思路 5

1.2.2研究方法 6

1.3创新与不足之处 6

1.3.1创新之处 6

1.3.2不足之处 6

1.4相关概念界定 7

1.4.1新能源汽车企业 7

1.4.2政府扶持 8

1.4.3资本结构动态调整 8

1.5研究框架 8

第二章 文献综述 10

2.1政府扶持与新能源汽车产业发展国内外文献综述 10

2.2资本结构动态调整国内外文献综述 11

2.3结论与启示 12

第三章 理论分析与研究假设 13

3.1动态资本结构理论与扶持政策结合 13

3.2新制度经济学与不同产权企业补贴效果差异 14

3.3信号理论与退坡前后扶持效果差异 15

3.4政府扶持对资本结构动态调整方式的影响 15

第四章 研究设计 16

4.1样本选取 16

4.2模型构建与估计方法 16

4.2.1模型构建 16

4.2.2估计方法 18

4.3变量设计 18

4.3.1被解释变量 18

4.3.2解释变量 19

4.3.3拟合最优资本结构特征变量 19

4.3.4变量表 21

第五章 实证结果分析 22

5.1描述性统计 22

5.2实证回归及分析 23

5.2.1政府扶持对新能源汽车企业资本结构动态调整方向及速度的影响 23

5.2.2政府扶持对不同产权新能源汽车企业资本结构动态调整速度的影响 25

5.2.3政府扶持对不同时期新能源汽车企业资本结构动态调整速度的影响 27

5.2.4政府扶持对资本结构动态调整方式的影响 28

5.3稳健性检验 30

5.3.1模型估计方法的稳定性检验 30

5.3.2变量替换的稳定性检验 32

第六章 研究结论、展望与政策建议 35

6.1研究结论 35

6.2研究展望 35

6.3政策建议 36

6.3.1政府层面 36

6.3.2企业层面 37

参考文献 38

致 谢 40

导论

本章首先梳理了本文的研究背景与意义,其中背景包括政策背景和理论背景;之后阐述了文章的研究思路与方法,进而得出文章的创新与不足之处;之后对文章的相关概念做了明确的界定;最后画出了文章的研究框架图。

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