见索即付保函之独立性及其例外——从《最高人民法院关于审理独立保函纠纷案件若干问题的规定(征求意见稿)》展开

 2022-01-26 11:01

论文总字数:20589字

摘 要

学 号:25011216

姓 名:杨 萌

指导教师:戴庆康

在国际贸易中,为了促进交易双方顺利完成交易、国际经济贸易活动正常进行,见索即付保函应运而生。见索即付保函作为不同于传统担保的一种独立担保,有其法律适用规则的独特性。但我国长期以来欠缺对此的立法及司法解释,于是最高人民法院于2013年11月20起草了《关于审理独立保函纠纷案件若干问题的规定(征求意见稿)》,并公开向社会征求意见。本文旨在结合我国关于担保的相关法律以及国际上的一些惯例和各国有关独立保函的相关立法和司法实践,探究最高人民法院“征求意见稿”现有规定的合理性与不合理性, 以期对“征求意见稿”的完善有所助益。本文共分四章:

第一章为绪论,分别从见索即付保函的概念、产生背景以及功能定位三方面对该制度进行一个简要概述。第二章,介绍了见索即付保函的几点显著的法律特征,包括独立性、无条件性、单据性和风险性。第三章主要阐述见索即付保函独立性的例外,包括例外的几个显著类型:欺诈、权利滥用、显示公平和违反公序良俗的例外。第四章着眼于我国,为本文核心内容。通过对最高人民法院“征求意见稿”相关内容的分析,在宏观上找出其不合理性,并对独立保函制度的构建和完善提出几点粗浅的建议。本文最后是总结部分,希望立法者能够明确国内见索即付保函的法律效力,并对欺诈、管辖、备用信用证是否适用等存在争议的问题进行合理而明确的规定。

[关键词] 见索即付保函;独立保函;欺诈

The Independence and Exception of Demand Guarantee

----from the "provisions of the Supreme People's Court on Several Issues concerning the trial of independent guarantee dispute cases (Draft)" launched

ABSTRACT

In international transactions,in order to promote the trade activities and international economic to run normally, the demand guarantee came into being.Demand guarantee, as a kind of independent guarantee ,is different from the traditional guarantee.The demand guarantee has its unique rules .Our country is lack of legislation and judicial interpretation for quite a long time, as a result in NOV 20TH2013 the Supreme People's court announced the draft provisions on Several Issues concerning the trial of independent guarantee dispute cases (Draft), and collected comments from the public. This paper aims to combine the relevant laws on security in China and some international conventions ,and find the rationality and irrationality of "draft" announced by the Supreme People's court.I hope it will make some contributions to perfect the”drafts”This paper is divided into four chapters:

The introduction part introduces the background,conception and function of demand guarantee ,making the readers have a brief overview of the whole system. The second chapter introduces a few significant legal characteristics of demand guarantee,including independence, unconditional, documents and risk. The third chapter mainly discusses the exceptions of demand guarantee ,including several significant exception types,such as fraud and abuse of rights. The fourth chapter ,as the core content,focuses on the current situation of China.Through the analysis of the "draft", I will try to find out its irrationality and give some suggestions to the system of independent guarantee. The last part is the conclusion,.I hope that legislators can accurate the legal effect of the guarantee in China, and make the provisions on jurisdiction, fraud, standby letter of credit and other issues in dispute clearly and rationally.

[KEY WORDS] Demand guarantee ;Independent guarantee ;Fraud

目 录

摘要 …………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 ………………………………………………………………………-1-

第一节 见索即付保函的概述 ……………………………………………………-1-

一、见索即付保函的概念浅析………………………………………………-1-

二、见索即付保函与相关担保制度的辨析…………………………………-1-

第二节 见索即付保函的产生背景 ………………………………………………-2-

一、社会背景…………………………………………………………………-2-

二、立法背景…………………………………………………………………-2-

第三节 见索即付保函的功能定位 ………………………………………………-3-

一、担保功能…………………………………………………………………-3-

二、融资功能…………………………………………………………………-3-

第二章 见索即付保函的独立性原则 ……………………………………………-3-

第一节 见索即付保函的法律特征 ………………………………………………-3-

一、独立性……………………………………………………………………-3-

二、无条件性…………………………………………………………………-4-

三、单据性……………………………………………………………………-4-

四、风险性……………………………………………………………………-4-

第二节 见索即付保函独立性的必要性 …………………………………………-4-

一、更有利于保护债权人和银行的利益……………………………………-4-

二、降低交易成本……………………………………………………………-5-

  1. 见索即付保函独立性的例外 ……………………………………………-5-

第一节 见索即付保函独立性的例外情形 ………………………………………-5-

一、欺诈………………………………………………………………………-5-

二、权利滥用…………………………………………………………………-6-

三、显失公平…………………………………………………………………-6-

四、违反公序良俗……………………………………………………………-6-

第二节 见索即付保函例外的法理基础 …………………………………………-6-

一、诚实信用原则与欺诈例外………………………………………………-6-

二、利益平衡与欺诈例外……………………………………………………-7-

第三节 见索即付保函例外情形的法律救济 ……………………………………-7-

一、止付令申请主体…………………………………………………………-7-

二、签发止付令时的审查标准………………………………………………-8-

第四章 我国独立保函制度存在的问题及完善 …………………………………-8-

第一节 关于独立性例外情形的完善 ……………………………………………-8-

第二节 签发止付令的法院管辖权问题 …………………………………………-9-

第三节 关于独立保函制度的其它方面问题 ……………………………………-9-

一、 国内外独立保函区别对待的问题 ……………………………………-9-

二、 关于备用信用证………………………………………………………-10-

结 论 …………………………………………………………………………-10-

参考文献 …………………………………………………………………………-10-

致 谢 …………………………………………………………………………-12-

见索即付保函之独立性及其例外

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