我国备案审查工作中合法性审查与合宪性审查的制度衔接

论文总字数：19231字

摘 要

备案审查是我国全国人大常委会监督宪法和法律实施工作的重要组成部分，其包括了包括备案与审查两个环节。而在审查环节又包括了合法性审查与合宪性审查两个方面。全国人大的备案审查工作中的合法性审查与合宪性审查之前一直由法工委展开，而在2018年，宪法修正案将法律委员会更改为宪法和法律委员会，并赋予了它推进合宪性审查制度的职能。宪法和法律委员会这一职能的落地必然要通过对法律草案审查和全国人大常委会法工委所承担的备案审查两种途径来实现。后者则同样面临着如何沟通、衔接宪法和法律委员会的合宪性审查与法工委的备案审查的问题。本文围绕合宪性审查与合法性审查概念与审查程序上的差异，试图阐明宪法和法律委员会成立后应该如何处理全国人大层面的合宪性审查与合法性审查的关系、避免合宪性审查被矮化为合法性审查，帮助宪法和法律委员会在理论层面职能落地，更好的完善我国的合宪性审查制度。

关键词：备案审查；合宪性审查；合法性审查；宪法和法律委员会

ABSTRACT

The Recording and Reviewing system is an important system for promoting constitutional review in China, but record review is not equivalent to constitutional review. The record review includes two aspects of record and review, and the review process includes two aspects: legitimacy review and constitutional review. The legitimacy review and constitutional review in the National People's Congress's recording review have been carried out by the NPC Law Committee. In 2018, the Constitutional Amendment changed the Law Committee to the Constitution and Law Committee and gave it the promotion of constitutionality. The implementation of this function of the Constitution and Law Committee must be realized through two ways: the constitutional review of the draft law and the record review undertaken by the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee. The latter also faces the issue of how to communicate, link constitutional and constitutional review of the Constitutional and Law Committees, and review of the Legislative Affairs Commission(including constitutional review and legitimacy review, mainly for legitimacy review). This article revolves around the distinction between constitutional review and legitimacy review. It aims to explain how the Constitutional and Law committee should deal with the constitutional review and legitimacy review relationship at the National People's Congress and avoid the constitutional review being dwarfed into legitimacy. Promote the functions of the Constitution and Law Committee of the National People's Congress on a theoretical level, and truly improve China's constitutional review system.

Key words: Recording and Reviewing；Constitutional review；Legitimacy review；Constitution and Law Committee

目 录

摘 要 ………………………………………………………………………………………… I

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………… II

引言 …………………………………………………………………………………… ……… 1

一、我国备案审查制度历史沿革…………………………………………………… ……… 2

二、全国人大常委会的备案审查 ……………………………………………………………3

（一）全国人大常委会备案审查制度沿革 …………………………………………3

（二）全国人大常委会备案审查制度现状 ………… ………………………………4

三、合宪性审查与合法性审查应予区分……………………………………………………4

（一）合宪性审查与合法性审查的现状……………………………………………………4

（二）合宪性审查与合法性审查的理论区分 …… ……… …… … …………………6

四、宪法和法律委员会…………………………………………………………………………6

(一)宪法和法律委员会的设立……………………………………… ……………………… 6

(二)宪法和法律委员会设立后的合宪性审查 …………… ………………………………7

五、合宪性审查与合法性审查制度衔接…………… ……… ……………………………10

（一）法律制度上的衔接 ……………………………………………………………………10

（二）衔接的辅助机制 ……………………………………………………………………10

总结 …………………………………………………………………………………… ………11

参考文献…………… … ………………………………………………………………………12

致谢 …………………………………………………………………………………… ………13

引言

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