家庭系统排列视阈下左拉家族小说剖析

 2022-09-24 10:09

论文总字数:18063字

摘 要

在心理学的诸多理论方法之中,弗洛伊德精神分析理论是最为大家所知晓的一种,也是运用最为广泛的一种。相比之下,海灵格家族系统排列的理论则处于被忽视的状态,鲜有研究将小说人物置于家庭的情境中探讨其人物性格、情感特点。

左拉是法国著名小说家,创作了《卢贡·马卡尔家族的自然史和社会史》系列小说,运用自然主义文学理论,展现了法国第二帝国时期各阶层的生活面貌,为学者们研究法兰西第二帝国时代社会与家庭提供了重要素材。

此次研究的目的,即把家庭系统排列的理论与左拉《卢贡-马卡尔家族》系列小说结合起来,着眼于小说人物与各自家庭的关系,个体与整体之间的互动与参与,解读人物自身的成长与变化,更深一层地揭露家庭对个人产生的影响。在此基础上,有助于我们进一步理解左拉的家族史系列小说中人物特性与社会含义,以及其自然主义写作风格。

论文选取了家族系列中《小酒店》、《萌芽》、《娜娜》、《金钱》、《妇女乐园》五部小说作为主要文本,内容分为“原生家庭”与“爱的序列”两块,分别从亲密关系(夫妻、亲子、同胞)和遗传的角度阐述原生家庭对个人性格形成、人生道路的影响;以及从家庭内部隐含的权力与秩序出发探讨家庭系统的稳定与变化,并将结论延伸到社会、阶级层面。

最终得出结论,小说《小酒店》、《萌芽》、《娜娜》、《金钱》、《妇女乐园》中的众多人物无一不受到来自家庭的巨大影响,在生理上表现为遗传疾病和家族习性,在心理上则表现为由原生家庭中夫妻(父母)关系、同胞关系、亲子关系等带来的一系列难以察觉的改变,影响了个体的性格形成,冥冥中左右着他们今后的人生。

关键词:左拉 家庭系统排列 实验小说 自然主义

ABSTRACT

Among the theories of psychology, psychoanalysis is one of the best know. In contrast, the theory of family constellations is in a state of neglect. There are few papers using this theory to explore the characters’ feelings in novels.

Zola, the French naturalistic novelist as well as theorist, who is also the founder of naturalistic literature wrote the series of books called "Histoire naturelle et sociale d’une famille sous le Second Empire". In this series of novels, numerous objective figures wrote crossing all levels of society, providing the scholars who research the society and history of the second French Empire era important materials.

The purpose of this research is to combine the family constellations theory and Zola’s novels " Histoire naturelle et sociale d’une famille sous le Second Empire " together, focusing on the relationship between characters and their families. On this basis, it is helpful for us to have further understanding on the characters and the social meaning of Zola's series of family. Also we can know better about his naturalistic writing style.

This paper is divided into two parts called "original families" and "Sequence of love". One is about the intimate relationship (marriage, parenting, sibling) effects and genetic perspective of family of personal character formation as well as their whole life. The other is about the power and the order implied from within the family of exploration for the stability and change of family system. The conclusion extends to social and class level also.

Finally it comes to the conclusion that, those characters in novels do have greatly influenced by their families. So many factors such as genetic diseases, family habits, marital relationship, sibling relationships, parent-child relationships affect the personality formation of individuals as well as the fate of their future life.

KEY WORD:Zola Family constellations Experimental fiction Naturalism

目 录

摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

绪论 ………………………………………………………………………………1

一 左拉及其自然主义实验小说 …………………………………………1

二 海灵格与家庭系统排列理论 …………………………………………1

三 文献综述 ………………………………………………………………2

  1. 原生家庭 …………………………………………………………………4

第一节 家庭子系统的破坏 ……………………………………………4

一 夫妻关系的名存实亡 …………………………………………………4

二 亲子关系与同胞关系的混淆 …………………………………………4

第二节 代际传承 …………………………………………………………………5

一 “牵连”与遗传——个体 ……………………………………………5

二 “牵连”与遗传——家庭与家族 ……………………………………6

  1. 爱的序位 …………………………………………………………………8

第一节 家庭系统的破坏与平衡 …………………………………………8

第二节 “良知”与归属权 …………………………………………………8

第三节 家庭的阶级性差异 ………………………………………………9

一 以“权力”和“金钱”为纽带的上层家庭 …………………………9

二 以“生存”为导向的中下层家庭 ……………………………………10

结论 ………………………………………………………………………………12

参考文献 …………………………………………………………………………13

致谢 ………………………………………………………………………………14

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