个人护理品(PCPs)中遮光剂成分的综合毒性研究和潜在风险评价

 2022-06-16 09:06

论文总字数:31549字

摘 要

个人护理用品(Personal Care Products,PCPs)作为新兴污染物中的一类已经成为主要的环境问题之一,有关其对环境的污染胁迫已日益受到关注。有机紫外遮光剂被广泛添加在个人护理品中,随着生产过程和日常生活的使用,通过各类途径(沐浴清洗、体液蒸发、污水排放等)源源不断地排入环境中,对生态环境,尤其是水生生态系统造成危害。目前有关个人护理用品(PCPs)中遮光剂成分的生态毒理学效应以及生态风险的研究尚十分欠缺。本文选取了5种代表性的遮光剂成分主要物质为研究对象,通过进行水生生物的急性毒性试验,综合评价其毒性,并通过他们的预测无效应浓度值,给予生态风险评价研究。研究主要结果如下:

(1) 2,2'-二羟基-4,4'-二甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-6)对普通小球藻和大型溞表现出不同的急性毒性作用:对普通小球藻的96 h-EC50为183.60 mg/L,毒性判定为低毒;对大型溞的48 h-LC50为12.50 mg/L,毒性结果为中毒。使用评估因子法计算其预测无效应浓度值为0.019 mg/L。

(2) 2,2'-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-8)对普通小球藻和大型溞表现出基本相同的急性毒性作用:对普通小球藻的96 h-EC50为3.50 mg/L,毒性结果为高毒;对大型溞的48 h-LC50为3.74 mg/L,毒性结果为高毒。使用评估因子法计算其预测无效应浓度值为0.017 mg/L。

(3) 3-(对甲苯基亚甲基)樟脑(4-MBC)对普通小球藻和大型溞表现出相同的急性毒性作用:对普通小球藻的96 h-EC50为168.74 μg/L,毒性结果为极高毒;对大型溞的48 h-LC50为544.45 μg/L,毒性结果同样为极高毒。使用评估因子法计算其预测无效应浓度值为0.021μg/L。

(4) 2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(BP-1)对斑马鱼的96 h-LC50 是7.14 mg/L,毒性结果判定为高毒。使用评估因子法计算其预测无效应浓度值为0.071mg/L。

(5) 2,2',4,4'-四羟基苯并苯酮(BP-2)对斑马鱼的96 h-LC50 是50.80 mg/L,毒性结果判定为中毒。使用评估银子法计算其预测无效应浓度值为0.51mg/L。

(6) 2,2'-二羟基-4,4'-二甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-6)和3-(对甲苯基亚甲基)樟脑(4-MBC)混合物的毒性效应为加和作用。而2,2'-二羟基-4,4'-二甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-6)和2,2'-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-8)混合物、3-(对甲苯基亚甲基)樟脑(4-MBC)和2,2'-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-8)混合物以及BP-6,BP-8和4-MBC混合物的毒性效应均为拮抗作用。

关键词:个人护理品,遮光剂,生态毒性,风险评价

Abstract

This paper pays attention to comprehensive toxicity of the ingredients in Personal Care Products (PCPs) and evaluate the ecological risk of these ingredient components. As an emerging pollutant, PCPs have become one of the main environmental problems, and be increasingly attracted due to its environmental pollution stress. With the use of daily life, Organic UV filters which are widely added to PCPs is harmful to the ecological environment, especially the aquatic environment, through various ways (bath cleaning, body liquid evaporation, sewage discharge and so on). The previous research results show that it is still absent for the research which is on the ecotoxicological effect and ecological risk of the UV filters in PCPs components. In this paper, the author chooses five representative substances from UV filters as the main research objects. By the acute toxicity test of aquatic organisms, the toxicity was evaluated synthetically. and the ecological risk assessment was given through their predicted no-effect concentration(PNEC). The main conclusions are as follows:

  1. For the BP-1, the 96 h-LC50 to Barchydanio rerio was 7.14 mg/L, judged as high-level toxicity. The PNEC of 0.071 mg/L is suggested in the present study.
  2. For the BP-2, the 96 h-LC50 to Barchydanio rerio was 50.80 mg/L, judged as middle-level toxicity. The PNEC of 0.51 mg/L is suggested in the present study.
  3. For the BP-6, the 96 h-EC50 to Chlorella vulgaris was 183.60 mg/L, judged as low-level toxicity. The 48 h-LC50 to Daphnia magna Straus was 12.50 mg/L, judged as middle-level toxicity. The PNEC of 0.019 mg/L is suggested in the present study.
  4. For the BP-8, the 96 h-EC50 to Chlorella vulgaris was 3.50 mg/L, judged as high-level toxicity. The 48 h-LC50 to Daphnia magna Straus was 3.74 mg/L, judged as high-level toxicity. The PNEC of 0.017 mg/L is suggested in the present study.
  5. For the 4-MBC, the 96 h-EC50 to Chlorella vulgaris was 168.74 μg/L, judged as extra-high-level toxicity. The 48 h-LC50 to Daphnia magna Straus was 544.45 μg/L, judged as extra-high-level toxicity. The PNEC of 0.021 μg/L is suggested in the present study.
  6. The mixture of BP-6 and 4-MBC was shown additive effect on Chlorella vulgaris. The mixture of BP-8 and 4-MBC, the mixture of BP-6 and BP-8, and the mixture of BP-6, BP-8 and 4-MBC were shown antagonism on Chlorella vulgaris.

KEY WORDS: Personal Care Products, UV filters, ecotoxicity,risk evaluation

目录

摘要 I

Abstract III

第一章 绪论 3

1.1 课题背景 3

1.1.1 个人护理用品的简介 3

1.1.2 个人护理用品中遮光剂成分的水生生态毒性现状 4

1.2 研究目的及意义、研究内容 5

1.2.1 研究目的 5

1.2.2 研究内容 5

第二章 急性毒性试验的材料与试验方法 6

2.1 用于急性毒性试验的个人护理品中遮光剂成分的选择 6

2.2 试验原理 7

2.2.1 藻类急性毒性试验原理 7

2.2.2 溞类急性毒性试验原理 7

2.2.3 鱼类急性毒性试验原理 7

2.3 受试生物 7

2.3.1 普通小球藻 7

2.3.1 大型溞 8

2.3.2 斑马鱼 8

2.4 试验操作方法 8

2.4.1 藻类急性毒性试验的操作方法 8

2.4.2 大型溞急性毒性试验的操作方法 9

2.4.3 斑马鱼急性毒性试验的操作方法 10

2.5 试验结果的分析与表达 10

2.5.1 普通小球藻急性毒性试验的结果表达 10

2.5.2 大型溞急性毒性试验的结果表达 11

2.5.3 斑马鱼急性毒性试验的结果表达 11

2.5.4 混合毒性试验的结果表达 11

2.6 生态风险评价方法 11

第三章 遮光剂成分的单独急性毒性试验结果 12

3.1 2,2'-二羟基-4,4'-二甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-6)的急性毒性试验 12

3.1.1 BP-6的普通小球藻的急性毒性 12

3.1.2 BP-6对大型溞的急性毒性 13

3.2 2,2'-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(BP-8)的急性毒性试验 14

3.2.1 BP-8的普通小球藻的急性毒性 14

3.2.2 BP-8对大型溞的急性毒性 15

3.3 3-(对甲苯基亚甲基)樟脑(4-MBC)的急性毒性试验 16

3.3.1 4-MBC的普通小球藻的急性毒性 16

3.3.2 4-MBC对大型溞的急性毒性 17

3.4 2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(BP-1)的急性毒性试验 18

3.4.1 BP-1对斑马鱼的急性毒性 18

3.5 2,2',4,4'-四羟基苯并苯酮(BP-2)的急性毒性试验 18

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