大股东对公司债务融资成本影响的实证研究

 2022-06-27 09:06

论文总字数:27896字

摘 要

自改革开放以来,企业的融资渠道得到了不断的扩展,但仍以银行贷款为主。如何降低债务融资成本是企业面临的重要问题,也是促进我国债务市场发展的重要因素。大股东与债权人之间存在着代理冲突,大股东的自利行为会降低企业价值,损害债权人的权益,从而提高企业债务融资成本。本文利用2013-2016年江苏省上市公司经验数据对大股东性质、大股东股权结构与股权制衡对企业债务融资成本的影响进行实证研究。

以往文献表明大股东的隧道挖掘行为会提高企业的债务融资成本,本文进一步研究发现,当企业大股东以企业集团形式存在时,这种效应更加显著。与此同时,企业的股权结构与股权制衡可以限制大股东的自利行为从而降低企业的债务融资成本,当企业存在多个大股东时,大股东之间的相互制衡能够降低企业的债务融资成本;大股东的数量越多,越能够降低企业的债务融资成本;企业其余大股东对第一大股东的股权制衡能力越强,越能够降低企业的债务融资成本。通过大股东对企业债务融资成本的研究,可以对优化企业股权结构提出理论支持和建议,政府及外界可以监督大股东隧道挖掘行为,保护债权人权益。

关键词:大股东,债务融资成本,股权结构,股权制衡

Abstract

Since the Reform and Opening, the Chinese companies have more debt financing channels to select. At present, bank lending is the main part of Chinese social financing. Debt financing is the main external financing way for Chinese companies. How to reduce the cost of debt is a major proposition of companies and it also contributes to improve the development of debt market. Due to the agency conflict between company’s large shareholders and creditors, the large shareholder has incentive to divert corporate resources and expropriates creditor’s benefits. As the result of it, the company’s cost of debt will increase. Based on the large shareholder property, ownership structure and equity checks and balances, this paper chooses the data from 2013 to 2016 of listed companies in Jiangsu and uses empirical analysis to test the relationship between large shareholders and the cost of debt.

Previous literature shows that the large shareholder’s self-serving behavior using related party transactions will increase the cost of debt. And further research of this paper shows that, firms that are controlled by a corporate group have higher cost of debt than firms that are not. Apart from this, the ownership structure and the equity checks and balances will restrict the self-serving behavior of large shareholders and this will reduce the cost of debt. Specifically speaking, firms with multiple large shareholders have lower cost of debt due to other large shareholders’ counterbalance. And the more the number of the large shareholder is, the lower the cost of debt is. Apart from that, the ability of other shareholders is related to the cost of the debt. The higher of other shareholders’ shareholding proportion, the lower of the firm’s cost of debt. By discussing the relationship between the big shareholders and the cost of debt, we can provide theoretical support and suggestions for optimizing ownership structure. The government and the outside world can control the tunneling behavior and protect the rights of creditors.

KEY WORDS: large shareholder, the cost of debt, ownership structure, equity checks and balances

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景 1

1.2 研究意义 4

1.3 研究方法 4

1.4 本文创新点 5

第二章 文献综述及假设 6

2.1 理论分析 6

2.2 文献综述 8

2.2.1 大股东与债权人的利益冲突关系 8

2.2.2 大股东关联交易对债务融资成本的影响 8

2.2.3 股权结构、股权制衡对债务融资成本的影响 9

2.2.4 文献分析 9

2.3 研究假设 10

第三章 研究设计 12

3.1 样本及数据来源 12

3.2 变量设计 12

3.3 检验模型构建 14

第四章 实证分析 16

4.1 描述性统计 16

4.2 Pearson相关性分析 17

4.3 多元线性回归结果及分析 18

第五章 结论及其展望 22

5.1 结论 22

5.2 建议 22

5.3 局限与展望 23

致 谢 24

参考文献 25

绪论

选题背景

债务融资是公司融资的的重要渠道之一,债务融资影响着公司的资金成本,甚至会影响宏观经济的运行。对于中国这样的新兴资本市场国家,由于债务融资更是重要的融资方式之一,那么如何降低债务融资成本是企业面临的关键问题。

有关债务融资成本的研究,早期主要针对于债务自身的期限与结构的角度,并形成了一系列的理论研究成果,如基本的债务融资结构理论、静态平衡理论等。近年来,学术界在债务自身特点之外,从公司的治理、公司的经营绩效等角度出发,探寻其对企业债务融资成本的影响。其中,代理冲突成为学者们关注的重点。Jensen和Meckling (1976)的代理成本理论提出了两种不同的代理成本问题:股东与管理层之间的利益冲突和大股东与小股东之间的利益冲突。早期学术界对于公司治理的讨论主要集中在第一类代理问题上,即股东与经营者的利益冲突。那么股东之间的冲突对于企业的债务融资成本有何影响呢,这一问题非常具有学术意义。

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