“破墙开店”法律规制研究

 2022-02-11 06:02

论文总字数:14361字

摘 要

“破墙开店”是城市发展过程中的必然产物,它有着存在的合理性。与此同时,这种相对来说毫无秩序的发展也引发了许多社会问题。围绕着“破墙开店”这一问题, 支持者与反对者长期处于究竟是应该禁止、还是应该放开的争论之中。支持者认为“破墙开店”是住宅所有权的自由行使,对创业和就业有一定的促进作用,也能给市民生活带来一些便利。反对者认为“破墙开店”是对他人合法权益的侵害,而且扰乱城市规划,危害房屋安全,给城市交通、市场秩序、邻里关系等带来了很多不利影响。

在美国、德国、法国等国家对于“破墙开店”大多采用相对禁止的方式,通过各种限制性手段对“破墙开店”加以规范,降低其可能带来的不利影响,值得我国借鉴。我国《物权法》及其司法解释中对于“破墙开店”的规定尚且存在一些不足之处。如“有利害关系的业主”的范围不明确,是采取“一票否决”还是采取“多数决”制度还存在很大争议,同意方式不确定等,这些问题都应当在法律法规中得到规制。

因此,对“破墙开店”不能简单的放或禁,正确的做法是实行综合治理。在具体的制度设计中,要妥善处理好规范“破墙开店”与促进全民创业的关系、与城市建设和管理的关系、与相邻房产权人的关系。即在允许“破墙开店”的前提下,采取限制性措施,降低其不良影响,找到兼顾各方利益的平衡点。

【关键词】住改商;破墙开店;利害关系;业主;同意;法律规制

The Legal Regulation Research About “Break walls for commercial use”

Abstract

“Break walls for commercial use” is a kind of “the commercial use of dwelling house”. It is a phenomenon that people who live on the ground floor break the main wall to do business or rent out. As the product in the process of urban development, has its necessity and rationality, at the same time, the disorderly development also causes many social problems. Around the “break walls for commercial use”, supporters and opponents launch a long-term debate. Supporters argue that “Break walls for commercial use” is the free exercise of the ownership, and can promote employment and entrepreneurship, also can bring some convenience to people's lives. Opponents argue that “break walls for commercial use” prejudices others rights and disrupts the urban planning, and has brought a lot of negative effects to the house security, the city traffic, the market order, the neighborhood relations and so on.

In countries such as the United States, Germany, France and so on. They ban it relatively, through a lot of restrictions means to regulate it, and reduce the possible adverse effects. It is worth our country to study from. According to our country law and the judicial interpretation provisions, still exist some shortcomings, such as interested owners scope is not clear, there is a big controversy about one vote veto system, and shall regulate it in the laws.

Therefore, “break walls for commercial use” cannot be simply opened or banned. The right approach is to manage comprehensively. In the specific design of the system, to properly deal with the relationship between “break walls for commercial use” and promoting entrepreneurship, and urban construction and management, and relationship with adjacent property owners, in order to find a balance between the interests of all parties.

【Keywords】the commercial use of dwelling house;break walls for commercial use;relationship; owner; agreement; legal regulation

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

引言 1

一、“破墙开店”现状分析 1

(一)“破墙开店”的定义 1

(二)“破墙开店”的原因 1

二、“破墙开店”利弊分析 2

(一)“破墙开店”之利 2

(二)“破墙开店”之弊 2

三、国外“破墙开店”现状及其借鉴意义 3

(一)“破墙开店”法律规制 3

(二)借鉴意义 4

四、我国“破墙开店”法律规制现状 4

(一)“破墙开店”的法律要件 4

(二)地方性法规 6

五、“破墙开店”法律规制的完善 7

(一)对《物权法》第77条作出进一步解释 7

(二)管理规约中制定“破墙开店”条款 7

(三)对“破墙开店”的审查 8

(四)容忍义务应纳入法律 8

结语 8

参考文献 9

致谢 10

引言

住房可以通过出租或者转让而带来经济效益,这一经济特征使得住房不再仅仅只是为了满足人们的居住需求,人们越来越关注住房的经济价值。“住改商”通过改变住房的性质的方式,使住房的经济价值得到很大程度上的提高。“住改商”是“住房改商用”的简称,是指业主将居住用途的房屋改作商业用途或者办公用途房屋的行为。[1]“破墙开店”是“住改商”的一种形式,是指住宅区一楼住户将楼的临街墙打开,改为商店进行经商或出租的行为。

随着中小型企业的迅速发展,在我国市场经济中占据了比较重要的一部分,政府为了鼓励这些企业自主创业,只要是经过合法的程序注册的企业,都可以进行“破墙开店”。于是,在经济效益的驱使之下,“破墙开店”在我国已经成为一个非常普遍的现象。但同时,人们对生活质量的要求日益提高,对居住环境的要求也不断提高。这就产生了“破墙开店”的业主与其他业主之间的利益冲突。

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