类石墨烯氮化碳纳米片的合成与光催化降解有机污染物的性能研究

 2022-03-21 08:03

论文总字数:28294字

摘 要

石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)是一种类似于石墨的非金属片层结构材料,在可见光照射下可以光解水或是光催化降解有机污染物,能够广泛应用在光催化领域。目前有许多方法可制备g-C3N4纳米材料,但都存在反应速度慢、产物性能差和产率低等问题,因此亟待寻找一种高效便捷的制备方法。

高能微波辐照法以其加热速度快、选择性高、产物性能好及节省能源损耗等优点成为目前制备g-C3N4纳米材料的一种新型方法。本文使用这种方法,以三聚氰胺作为前驱体,碳纤维作为微波吸收剂,可合成得到g-C3N4纳米片。随着微波处理功率从3.0 kW提高到4.0 kW,制得的样品片层结构更明显,纳米片的厚度更薄,比表面积由18.3 m2/g增加到110.1 m2/g,带隙从2.66 eV增大到 2.78 eV。在可见光催化降解RhB实验中,4.0 kW的样品表现出了最优异的光催化性能,经30 min可见光照射后降解率达到72.3%。对光催化降解过程进行动力学分析,求出其准一级动力学速率常数为0.03644 min-1

光催化性能的提高是由于4.0 kW功率的样品吸附性能更强,反应活性位点更多,载流子迁移距离更短。

关键词:高能微波法,石墨相氮化碳纳米片,光催化剂,有机污染物

Abstract

Graphic carbon nitride(g-C3N4) is a kind of metal-free lamellar structure material which is similar to graphite. It can be widely used in the field of photocatalysis because it can photolyze water or degrade organic pollutants under visible light irradiation. Nowadays, there are many methods to prepare g-C3N4 nanomaterials, but all of them have problems such as the slow reaction speed, the poor product properties and the low yield, so it is urgent to find an efficient and convenient preparation method.

High energy microwave irradiation has become a new method for preparation of g-C3N4 nanomaterials due to its advantages of fast heating speed, high selectivity, high product yield and low energy consumptions. In this paper, g-C3N4 nanosheets were synthesized by using melamine as precursor and carbon fiber as microwave absorber. With the increase of microwave from 3.0 kW to 4.0 kW, the samples’ lamellar structure were more obvious, the thickness of nanosheets were thinner, the specific surface areas were increased from 18.3 m2 /g to 110.1 m2 /g, and band gaps were increased from 2.66 eV to 2.78 eV. In the experiment of RhB degradation under visible light irradiation, the sample synthesized via microwave heating with the irradiation power of 4.0 kW showed the best photocatalytic properties, and the degradation rate reached 72.3% after the visible-light irradiation for 30 min. The corresponding pseudo-first order kinetics rate constants for 0.03644 min-1 were calculated by the analysis of pseudo-first order kinetics.

The improvement of photocatalytic performance were due to the stronger adsorption performance, more active sites and shorter carrier transfer distance of the sample synthesized via microwave heating with the irradiation power of 4.0 kW.

KEY WORDS: High energy microwave method, g-C3N4 nanosheets, Photocatalysts, Organic pollutants

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1选题背景 1

1.2类石墨相氮化碳研究进展 2

1.2.1类石墨相氮化碳的结构 2

1.2.2类石墨相氮化碳的性质 2

1.2.3类石墨相氮化碳的合成方法 3

1.2.4类石墨相氮化碳的改性方法 4

1.3类石墨烯氮化碳纳米片研究进展 6

1.3.1类石墨烯二维材料的性质 6

1.3.2类石墨烯氮化碳纳米片制备方法 6

1.4微波加热技术在制备纳米功能材料中的应用 8

1.4.1微波加热技术 8

1.4.2微波加热技术在制备纳米功能材料中的特点和应用 8

1.4.3微波加热技术在制备g-C3N4中的应用 9

第二章 实验及研究方法 10

2.1化学试剂和仪器设备 10

2.1.1化学试剂 10

2.1.2 实验仪器和分析设备 10

2.2 测试与表征 11

2.2.1晶体结构表征 11

2.2.2形貌分析 11

2.2.3比表面测试 12

2.2.4光学性能测试 12

2.2.5光催化性能及动力学研究 13

第三章 微波法制备类石墨烯氮化碳纳米片及其表征 15

3.1引言 15

3.2实验过程 15

3.3结果与讨论 16

3.3.1晶体结构表征 16

3.3.2形貌分析 17

3.3.3光学性质分析 20

3.3.3光催化活性研究 22

3.3.4光催化动力学研究 23

第四章 结论与展望 25

4.1结论 25

4.2 展望 25

参考文献 27

致 谢 29

第一章 绪论

1.1选题背景

随着科技的不断进步,化石能源的需求成为人类的一大需求之一,但是化石能源的大量消耗给全球的环境和生态造成了严重的破坏和影响,水体污染是其中不可忽视的一个重要问题,染料废水、化工废水、有机废水等都属于较难处理的工业废水,不仅对生态环境造成严重影响,而且还含有对生物体具有潜在致癌性的染料,处理不当会危害人类及其它生物的健康。处理污染废水的物理法、化学法以及生物法存在成本高、去除效率低、会产生二次污染等缺点,因此我们需要寻找一种更高效、经济、绿色的处理污染废水的方法。

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