中日韩机电产品出口竞争力比较分析

 2022-01-17 11:01

论文总字数:16209字

目 录

1、绪论.................................................4   

1.1、研究的背景和意义.....................................................4

1.2、相关研究综述.........................................................4

2、国际竞争力的理论基础.................................5

2.1比较优势理论..........................................................5

2.2产业内贸易理论........................................................5 

2.3竞争优势理论..........................................................5

3、中日韩机电产品出口概况................................6

3.1机电产品概念...........................................................6

3.2中国机电产品出口现状...................................................6

3.2.1概述...............................................................8

3.2.2存在的问题.........................................................8

3.3日韩机电产品出口现状...................................................9

4、中日韩机电产品出口竞争力分析..........................10

4.1数据选取..............................................................10

4.2国际市场占有率指标(IMS)比较..........................................11

4.3贸易竞争力指数(TC)比较..............................................11

4.4显示性比较优势指数(RCA)比较.........................................12

5、结论与政策建议.......................................12

5.1结论..................................................................12

5.2提高机电产品出口竞争力的政策建议......................................13

   5.2.1加大科研投入,提高创新能力.......................................13

   5.2.2积极开拓市场,采取差异化策略.....................................14

   5.2.3加强国际营销,提高产品竞争力.................................... .14

参考文献................................................15

致谢....................................................16

中日韩机电产品出口竞争力比较分析

夏琪

,China

Abstract:China is a big country of electrical and mechanical trade. By2014,China’s electromechanical products has been the first of the world for five years.With the development of economy and the degree of globalization,economic cooperation between countries has been more closely.Japan and Korea not only have the similar cultural with China,but also start earlier in the economy,their mechanical and electrical industry seems more mightiness than China. It’s meaningful to study the products of Japanese and Korea.

First this article mainly carried on the analysis from the export competitiveness index, the export competitiveness of the influence factors and the status of Japan and South Korea. Choosing Japan and South Korea’s export data from nearly ten years as a reference,using the research on the theory of comparative advantage, intra industry trade theory and competitive advantage theory to study the export competitiveness of China's electromechanical products.

After that, from the micro and macro level, this article searched related factors that would influence the export competitiveness of electromechanical products .Also, compared the mechanical and electrical products trade status between the two countries, analyzing the advantages of mechanical and electrical products in China at present and the existing weaknesses. So that to promote and enhance the export of electromechanical products in China, also to improve international cooperation, help our country develop mechanical trade from big to strong.

Key words: Electromechanical Products; Export Competitiveness; Comparative Analysis; China,Japan and South Korea

1、绪论

1.1研究背景和意义

在加入世贸组织以后,我国迎来了对外贸易的快速发展期,受国际政策影响,机电产品贸易发展迅速。作为国际贸易中的重要构成部分,机电产品出口能力的大小俨然成为了衡量国家经济实力的重要标志。机电产品国际贸易集合了服务贸易、货物贸易与技术贸易,是国际间贸易的领头产业,占据了世界出口商品数量的60%以上,越来越多的工业国家都选择把扩大机电产品出口和促进机电产业的发展作为重要的发展国策。机电产品零件众多,这决定了它具有便于分工生产的特点。在经济全球化的大背景下,各国合作生产机电产品已经成为常态。工业大国间竞争激烈,如何在当今这样的经济形势大框架中获取更有效的利润分配,扩大经济收益,是理论研究和实践探索迫切需要去解决的。

作为与中国相邻近的日本与韩国,工业实力也是不可小觑的。80年代之前,日本经济大幅领先,机电产品多为资本与技术密集型,而当时的中国还停留在初级产品时期。80年代之后,中韩经济渐渐发展起来,对日本进行了有效的追赶,国家间的产业结构愈发相近,经济竞争也强烈起来。中日韩三国作为东亚地区机电产品变化与产业结构较为典型的国家,研究其机电贸易关系和能力强弱。对促进东亚间经济合作具有重要的意义。本文先给出国际竞争力的理论基础,并对当前机电产品的理论和发展现状作出说明,而后分别通过IMS、TC和RCA三大系数分析中日韩间机电产品的出口竞争力区别,并给出相应的结论和建议,为我国“知己知彼”提供参考,帮助其从容应对竞争挑战。

1.2文献综述

国内学者对机电产品的出口竞争力进行了大量的分析,如姚金华(2015)通过近年数据和出口竞争力评价体系,测算出我国机电产品总体和分大类的出口竞争力水平,通过国际比较分析存在的问题;并选取具有代表性的指标并结合近年数据建模,通过计量回归分析,考察这些因素对机电产品出口竞争力的影响大小,从而找出竞争力的主要来源;最后从分析得出的出口竞争力现存问题及其影响因素出发,对如何进一步提升我国机电产品出口竞争力提出若干针对性建议。

 此外廖万红;刘志雄(2014)更趋向于对机电产品出口现状的研究,他们列出了对我国机电产品出口影响的因素加以分析,并倡议国家通过积极面对技术性贸易壁垒、保持人民币汇率、以多种竞争手段参与国际机电产品竞争等方式来缓解和解决机电产品出口现状。

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