英汉动物隐喻及翻译-以狗为例

E-C Animal Metaphors and Their Translation Strategy in a Case of “Dog”

By Zhu Jiahui

In partial fulfillment of the requirement

For the B. A. degree

Department of English

School of Cultures

Nanjing University of Information Science amp; Technology

April 2018

Acknowledgment

On the occasion of this paper’s completion, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Professor Xu Xianwen, my BA graduation paper instructor, not only for his guidance from the opening of the thesis to the establishment of the research method, but also for his exact demands and authentic encouragement whenever I face a variety of problems in the research process. And my thanks should also go to the teachers in the English Department for their rigorous academic attitudes, earnest and responsible spirit, and the superb professional knowledge, all leaving me a deep impression and benefiting me a lot in the past few years and for all the years to come.

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Contents

1. Introduction 3

1.1 Background 3

1.2 Purpose and Significance 3

2. Causes of Metaphor............................................................................................................4

2.1 Characteristics of the Animal Itself...........................................................4

2.2Unique Animal Culture of all Ethnic Groups...........................................5

3. Comparison of E-C Dog in Cultural Intentions 5

3.1 Similarities in Metaphoric Meanings 6

3.2 Differences in Metaphoric Meanings 6

4. Reasons behind the Differences 7

4.1 Geography 7

4.2 Religion 8

4.3 History and Legends 9

4.4 Culture........................................................................................................................10

5. Translation Strategy 11

5.1 Literal Translation and Foreignization 12

5.2 Free Translation 12

5.3 Substitution and Domestication 13

6. Conclusion 13

References 14

E-C Animal Metaphors and Their Translation Strategy in a Case of “Dog”

Zhu Jiahui

Department of English

School of Cultures

Nanjing University of Information Science amp; Technology

Abstract: As is known to all, human beings have an inherent relationship with animals. From an evolutionary point of view, we humans have evolved from apes.In spite of this, people and animals are essentially different in that we humans can realize what we think in mind with actual deeds. We can also satirize or praise other people by performing some artistic actions on animal behaviors or images, which becomes a metaphor.This dissertation is going to use "dog" as an example or evidence to discuss the contrast between English and Chinese animal metaphors and their translation methods, and try to analyze the causes of their formation and development, and to explore translation strategy regarding E-C animal metaphors. The reason for these efforts is not to cause unnecessary misunderstandings in the future translation work, thereby promoting the cross-cultural exchanges between people of all countries and the friendly development of people of different races.

Key words: animal metaphor;dog;cultural differences;translation strategy

摘要：众所周知，人与动物有着密切的关系，从进化的角度来看，人是从猿猴进化而来的。尽管如此，人与动物又有着本质上不同。我们人类可以通过实践实现心中所想，我们也可以将动物的一些行为或形象通过艺术加工来讽刺或夸赞他人，这便成为了隐喻。本文将以“狗”.为例讨论英汉动物隐喻对比及其翻译研究，并对其产生的原因进行分析，提出一些翻译策略。做这些努力的原因是不至于在将来的翻译工作中引起不必要的误会，从而促进跨文化交流的进行及不同种族人民的友好发展。

关键词：动物隐喻；狗；文化对比；翻译研究

1. Introduction

1.1 Background

Due to the publication of Metaphor We Live By by Lakoff and Johnson in 1980, the metaphorical study under the concept of human cognition began to emerge as a sweeping topic in an all-round way, and cognitive linguistics became the new direction to explain metaphorical phenomena. Now it has become a consensus among scholars of various disciplines that metaphor is a linguistic phenomenon as well as a cognitive phenomenon. Lakoff and Johnson believed that the process of human’s thought is to a large extent metaphorical.[1] Metaphor is a cognitive activity in which humans use their experience in one field to explain or understand the experience of another field. It is a four-dimensional cognitive style of humanity.Chinese scholars have studied and discussed metaphors from the perspective of cognition.In recent years, metaphor research has been a hot topic in cognitive linguistics and there have been more systematic reviews in China. Nowadays, metaphor is a hot topic in many disciplines in China. As metaphor research becomes a specialized knowledge, Chinese scholars have gradually realized that metaphor research should not only strengthen the theoretical construction of the discipline itself, but also absorb nutrition from other disciplines for interdisciplinary research. Today’s scholars also discuss the relationship between metaphor and culture, national psychology, customs, and modes of thinking, and gradually realize the important role of metaphor in poetry, philosophy, and thinking. Metaphor is undoubtedly an indispensable cognitive tool for human beings.

1.2 Purpose and Significance

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