格莱斯合作原则及其对跨文化交际的影响

The Influence of the Cooperative Principle on Cross-culture Communication

By Wang Jingyi

Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement

For the B.A. Degree

Department of English

School of Languages and Cultures

Nanjing University of Information Science amp; Technology

May, 2016

The Influence of the Cooperative Principle on Cross-culture Communication

Wang Jingyi

Department of English

School of Languages and Cultures

Nanjing University of Information Science amp; Technology

Abstract: There is no denying that verbal communication is guided unconsciously by certain theories and rules pertaining to communication and influenced by languages and cultures of different countries. However, with development of the times and changes in people’s communication models, the traditional conversational implicature theories can no longer, to some extent, satisfy people’s need for communication nowadays. In daily communication, especially cross-culture communication, many weaknesses have appeared from them, thus leading to failures in cross-culture communication. Therefore, this thesis is aimed to study how people of different cultural backgrounds are influenced by the Cooperative Principle and thus suffer failures in cross-culture communication. This thesis firstly reviews the Cooperative Principle put forward by Grice, then analyzes in great detail the influences of it on cross-culture communication, especially on forms of communication among people from different countries and regions, including “greeting”, “abstract”, “framework” and “official” models of communication. Additionally, the thesis points out the inevitable failure in cross-culture communication owing to the influence of the Cooperative Principle, and analyzes the cultural factors contributing to the failures. Finally, the author brings forward corresponding feasible suggestions for cross-cultural communication.

Key words: the Cooperative Principle, Cross-culture communication, Failure, Cultural factors, Influence

摘 要：人们言语交际的背后总是受言语交际理论或规则的指导，并受到各国不同语言文化的影响。但是，随着时代的发展和人们交际模式的变化，传统的会话含义理论在很大程度上已经不能满足和适应当代人们交际的需要，在人们日常交际中，尤其是跨文化交际中呈现出诸多缺陷，造成跨文化交际的失败。因此，本文旨在研究不同文化背景下，本民族合作原则是如何影响人们，并导致在跨文化交际中出现不同类型的错误交际的。本文首先从格莱斯会话含义理论中的合作原则出发，深入探讨和分析合作原则对于跨文化交际中有着不同文化背景的人们交际的影响，尤其是对交际方式的影响，主要表现为“问候式交流”、“抽象式式交流”、“框架式交流”和“官方式交流”，进而指出在合作原则的影响下，跨文化交际过程中会不可避免地出现失败，并深入挖掘合作原则背后的文化背景因素，最后针对性地为跨文化交际提出可行性建议。

关键词：合作原则；跨文化交际；失败；文化因素；影响

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 1

2.1 The Foreign Situation of the Research 2

2.2 The Domestic Situation of the Research 2

3. The Cooperative Principle in Cross-culture Communication 3

3.1 The Theory of Conversational Implicature and Cross-culture Communication 3

3.2 The Cooperative Principle, maxims and violation of maxims 4

4. The Influences of the Cooperative Principle on Cross-culture Communication 5

4.1 The Influences of the Cooperative Principle on Different Models of Communication between China and Western Countries 5

4.1.1 “Greeting” model of communication 5

4.1.2 “Abstract” model of communication 6

4.1.3 “Framework” model of communication 7

4.1.4 “Official” model of communication 8

4.2 The Failure in Cross-culture Communication and the Reasons 9

4.2.1 Cultural background 9

4.2.2 Values 10

4.2.3 Thinking model 10

4.3 The Suggestions for Future Cross-culture Communication 11

5. Conclusion 11

References 13

Acknowledgements 14

1. Introduction

As the most fundamental communication tool of human beings, language plays an important role in social life and people’s daily life. Besides, as an important carrier of culture, language reflects different cultures of different countries and regions. Between people of the same cultural background and cross-culture communication, language plays an irreplaceable role in it. Language has long been researched, among which the Cooperative Principle brought forward by H.P.Grice is the most influential. The Cooperative Principle has been commonly used by researchers, scholars as well as students to govern their daily communication. In particular, it has a profound influence on people’s cross-culture communication, thus demonstrating great differences in communication models. Influenced by their own culture such as thinking methods, conventions and habits, values and aesthetic standards, people of different cultural backgrounds differ from each other in their application of the Cooperative Principle. In this process, owing to the influences of the Cooperative Principle on people’s communication models, it is inevitable that pragmatic failures occur. This thesis, which makes a detailed study on how the Cooperative Principle influences cross-culture communication, is of both theoretical and practical significance to the researches on principles of conversation and cross-culture communication.

This thesis is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the background of research, research significance and structure of this paper. The second part is the content of literature review, which introduces both foreign and domestic situations of research on Cooperative Principle. The third part introduces important elements of Cooperative Principle and its relationship with cross-culture communication. The fourth part presents the influence of the Cooperative Principle on cross-culture communication, especially on communication models between China and western countries, the cultural factors for failures in cross-culture communication and corresponding suggestions.

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