课堂互动教学与口语能力的培养

论文总字数：29354字

摘 要

课堂教学互动是指师生互相交流，共同探讨，互相促进的一种教学组织形式。本文阐述了互动教学的概念和在英语口语教学中运用互动式教学方法的重要性。探讨了两种课堂教学互动的模式，即情感互动和师生互动模式。分析了在英语口语教学过程中教师和学生所担任的不同角色。从互动式教学法的角度来看，教师应该提供文化背景知识，创造和谐的语言环境，培养学生的学习能力，鼓励学生积极参与课堂互动，以便培养学生的英语口语能力。

关键词：互动教学法；情感互动；口语能力

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 1

3. Definition and Importance of Classroom Interaction 3

3.1 Definition of classroom interaction 3

3.2. Importance of classroom interaction 4

4. Patterns of Classroom Interaction 4

4.1 Pattern of emotional interaction 4

4.2 Pattern of teacher-student interaction 5

5. Roles of Students and Teachers in the Interactive Classroom 6

5.1 Teachers’ roles in the classroom interaction 7

5.2 Students’ roles in the classroom interaction . 8

6. Techniques For Implementing Interactive Speaking Activities 8

6.1 Providing cultural background knowledge………………….……………8

6.2 Creating a harmonious learning environment……………………………9

6.3 Developing students" learning ability………………………………………9

7. Conclusion ………………………………………………………………….11

Works Cited 12

1. Introduction

In the 1980s, English has become a compulsory course for junior and senior high school. With China"s accession to the World Trade Organization, the English in real-life applications plays a more important proportion, especially in today"s evolving technological and economic progress in the background, more and more frequently communication between people has been used, for English learning has become a major part of student learning. Based on theoretical study abroad classroom interaction and classroom interaction in English teaching trends, build interactive classroom teaching mode is imperative. In order to be better able to adapt to the development, as the 21st century, new teachers, we must think outside the traditional teaching model to improve their self-cultivation, improve teaching methods, efforts to implement the new curriculum reform, the new requirements, build interactive classroom teaching in English. With the international communication increases in the trend towards globalization, the demand for communicative competence in English is becoming greater and greater in China. Speaking is sometimes regarded as the most important skill for language learners, as most people use speech far more frequently than writing and reading.

Teachers and learners understand the goal of English learning. We need to use English to communicate better and achieve personal value and learn English better. In this way, we can improve our skills better. Some teachers understand the importance of college English teaching, but in order to cope with the exam, it can be totally ignored. In what kind of situation will use what kind of language, the same language used in different circumstances may have different meanings. We should attach great importance to the influence of culture on language, especially British and American countries and our country"s traditional customs, there are a lot of different places, for example, someone ask you: "did you eat?" In China, it is a kind of general greeting. In Anglo-American countries it means that you are going to invite him to your house for dinner. In oral English teaching should not only master the language forms, to know more about its social function.

2. Literature Review

Founding the interaction theory of the source language is an American sociologist, He is a social psychologist and a philosopher (George Herbert 1863-1907). Mr. Kerry (Black Ledge), who using the self-concept of the interaction between teachers and students, understanding, explanation, negotiation, occurred in teachers and students in the classroom interaction between teachers and students, such as the role and status of the interaction between a better explanation.

Soviet educator Su Yifeng said: "there is a strong need to feel. He is a discoverer, researcher and explorer." Interactive teaching is an important feature of "participation", which emphasizes two-way communication between teachers and students, fully mobilizing the enthusiasm and initiative of both sides.

In the 1970 s, about classroom interaction explanation has entered a new stage. British scholar Mr. Kerry and others had put forward a mode, it includes the teachers" self concept, teachers" awareness of students, the students" self-concept, student to teacher"s understanding, strategy, consultation and other concepts. These constitute the contemporary new understanding about the process of human interaction in classroom teaching.

Due to the teachers and students formed their own self concept and understanding of each other, and on this basis to form the definition of classroom situation, thus the interactions between teachers and students could no longer completely is controlled by a party, in more cases, the interactions between teachers and students is the need to pass "strategy" and "consultations" for mediation.

In western sociology of education, classroom interaction between teachers and students is a special field of study. This area is developed very fast since the 1970s. In terms of the analysis of the interactive type presents different subjects scholars with a multidisciplinary approach combining the characteristics of the study, it has a lot of research results.

Classroom interactive teaching behavior is divided into three categories: authoritarian, democratic and laissez-faire. Due to the dependence of the interaction characteristics, relative to the teacher"s behavior, the behavior of the students is on a business trip of the opposite sex, thus formed the three different type of classroom interaction between teachers and students.

Meeting the needs of the domestic education reform and development, the domestic scholar of classroom interaction between teachers and students from the education different angles such as sociology, psychology, philosophy, engineering are discussed in this paper, has obtained certain achievement.

Wu Kangning and other scholars believe that, there are many different kinds of interaction between teachers and students in classroom teaching, can be divided according to different standards. According to teacher"s behavior object is divided into three types: an interactive, master class interaction, group interaction.

These studies make us understand the importance of classroom interaction between teachers and students. We should try our best to improve the efficiency of the oral English ability.

3. Definition and Importance of Classroom Interaction

3.1 Definition of classroom interaction

Classroom interaction refers to the teachers and students communicate with each other, discuss with each other, it is a kind of teaching organization form. It includes three aspects of contents:

First, the teachers and students can form a real learning community. The relationship between teachers and students are equal, democratic, the whole teaching process is the process of development, both teachers and students are to explore. In the interaction, the students need to improve their personality and creative ability.

Second, the communication between teachers and students is very extensive. Knowledge, skill, emotion, attitude and values are sufficient communication, through these exchanges, between teachers and students can communicate with each other and influence each other, complementing with each other.

Third, the teachers and students need to participate in classroom interaction, it can creatively to achieve the teaching goal. Promoting the active development of students and achieve teaching goal optimization.

3.2. Importance of classroom interaction

If the teacher wants to achieve equality between teachers and students, we can’t ignore the student"s personal dignity, regardless of the creativity of students. In this way, it can shorten the psychological distance between teachers and students and the interaction between teachers and students has no barriers. Interaction between teachers and students in the teaching process is used to solve the problems interaction between teachers and students will not only become a mere formality, it can also make the class more actively. In the process of solving problems, it can transcend target between teachers and students and create new problems, we may have more energy and comprehensive to understand the problem, and it can also reflect the effectiveness of the interaction between teachers and students.

In short, the effective interaction between teachers and students can make teachers and students learn from each other and respect each other. Teachers" good ethics is the foundation of this relationship. So teachers should put the students in the first place instead of commanding. In this way, we can bridge a new realm of quality-oriented education through the interaction between teachers and students.

4. Patterns of Classroom Interaction

4.1 Pattern of emotional interaction

Emotion is one of the most important elements of interactive teaching. It cannot be ignored. Emotion is a catalyst for thinking. Teacher-student interaction is not related to the success of teaching. Meanwhile in teaching activities , teachers and teaching materials around the cognitive processing and exchange , the total accompanied by emotional experience and delivery. Emotion interaction refers to the teaching situation, teachers and students when conducting educational activities.Teachers should be good at observing students.For poor grades, students with a strong sense of inferiority. Teachers should strengthen counseling. In short, we should take the initiative to educate students to provide their views on the issue to the teacher and other students. In this pattern, teachers must create a good situation to guide the student to play a good role. After heated discussion, students have a deeper understanding of the content of the text. In this way we can make every student not only enjoy the happiness in class, but also can take the initiative to acquire knowledge, improve skills and strengthen abilities. When the emotional teaching pattern to be used in interactive teaching, it will help us to improve the quality of English teaching effectively.

Between the teachers and students, and students" emotional communication process of the new curriculum the teaching process of the interaction of common development. Teacher"s task is to build a platform for the communication of teachers and emotional, guide students to participate in cooperation actively, promote the transformation of learning, make students become more active and learn to accept all aspects of spoken English teaching.

4.2 Pattern of teacher-student interaction

Deployment process of the teaching process, teaching activities are based on certain social requirements of teachers and students" body and mind development characteristic, teaching conditions, guide students through the understanding of the main teaching content, on the basis of understanding the objective world and their own development process.

Teaching process is a special kind of understanding. It can promote the process of students" physical and mental development. In the teaching process, teachers guide students to plan campaign dynamic, self adjusting their tendency and emotional, progressive cultural and scientific knowledge, basic skills, in order to promote students" knowledge, physical and socialist ethics, aesthetics and science and deployment process in the teaching process, teaching activities are based on certain social requirements of teachers and students" body and mind development characteristic, teaching conditions, and through the main teaching contents to guide the student understanding and knowledge of the objective world and the development process itself.

Teaching process is a special kind of understanding, also is the process of promoting students physical and mental development. In the teaching process, teachers guide students to plan activities and dynamic, self adjusting their tendency and emotional, cultural and scientific knowledge and basic skills, promote the progress of the students knowledge, physical and socialist ethics, aesthetics and the concept of scientific development to lay a good foundation for the students. Teacher to student"s basic physiological and psychological actively aware of the teacher"s role is to guide the teaching and learning in the process of mastering process combining the positive role of a teacher is to guide students to actively participate in the learning process.

Interactive teaching requires teachers to go to the students from the platform, learn to listen. Listen, modest, honest, patient, listen intently listening to students how to read, how to listen to the students" thinking, talking to students how to evaluate experience. To listen, analyze the students" learning attitude, learning methods, to capture the student"s creative spark, self-study learning problems, causes and solutions. Listen, please the teacher left a equal attitude to listen to the opinions of the students, let students to complete, after said these words, let the students to strengthen the operation stage, after careful consideration and carefully combed, after hearing a doorway, then giving their views. This reflects the teacher in the student learn to respect, understanding and encouragement. Listen to the teacher not only to hear the positive point of view, as well as patience to listen to negative comments, not only of the best students listen to the originality of the test and the rich, the poor students listened carefully attitude also naive and immature wrong view, which embodies the teacher watch the students" comprehensive learning activities, in-depth understanding and objective research. Learn to listen, it is very important development in the era of qualified teachers teaching the basic skills.

The last but the important thing is encouragement. In an open learning environment, student sources of information and more angles, new horizons and more. Positive reinforcement, but also has a negative stimulus, lack of discrimination and erosion resistance and bad thoughts, you need to trust and encourage teachers; At the same time the need of learning something new overwhelmed when you make a mistake, encourage teachers to help difficulties; When the student has made progress, and even unexpected success also need teachers "to cheer, to the next level" of encouragement. Encouragement has variety of forms, including a knowing smile, a nod and so on.

5. Roles of Students and Teachers in the Interactive Classroom

Teachers need to pay attention to students" individual differences and different learning needs, take good care of the students" curiosity. Otherwise, the class will be still a backwater, full of vitality. Now in the new classroom, many teachers with a new idea has been recognized that the role of teachers and students should have correct positioning. In the classroom, teachers and students are equal, so we should attach great importance to the role of classroom interaction teaching.

5.1 Teachers’ roles in the classroom interaction

Modern education requires teachers to make classroom teaching more actively. As far as possible in the classroom, the teacher should guide students to ask questions and make them have desire to explore. Questions from students so should also be returned to the students. Interactive classroom teaching, teachers should encourage students to define problems, to clarify emotional, clear the problem. To form a good interaction between teachers and students, teachers must encourage students to express themselves boldly. In verbal and non-verbal encouragement again and again, gradually established a trust between teachers and students. So the interactive atmosphere will be gradually formed in the classroom.

First of all, teachers should fully understand their students. The success of a teaching process should mainly depend on students" learning situation. Only may be fully aware of their students, in the teaching process truly "student-centered", will be able to fully mobilize every student"s study enthusiasm, let each students voluntarily and consciously participate in learning, and active participation in the get the opportunity to practice at the same time, and this kind of practice is to master the basic language requirements. Second, teachers should carefully deal with professor contents and teaching materials. Because China has strict uniform examination system, there are corresponding with the exam outline, teaching content and teaching material is fixed, the teacher is relatively lack of choice freedom of teaching contents and teaching materials. But, as a language teaching, dead move materials is very difficult to achieve good teaching effect. Relative to the other disciplines, language teaching has more flexibility. Teacher"s teaching and student’s learning through the guidance of teachers to achieve harmony. Teachers in extremely refined language to teach new knowledge, leave a lot of work for students to do it. Ask students to practice in a rich, interesting gradually to master and use new knowledge. An American linguist said: for students and teachers, language learning and teaching should be exciting, spirit of the day for a period of time. Building such a happy surrounding is the key to the role of English teachers in the teaching process. Only being a correct role can be fully mobilize students" learning enthusiasm and initiative. English teaching activity will make students learn actively.

5.2 Students’ roles in the classroom interaction

Each child is a poet. It is comes from their rich imagination. In the process of classroom teaching, teachers should adjust the mood of students and form a harmonious and friendly teaching psychological atmosphere. Language teaching, the teacher must be good at using incentives and this can make students feel that the teachers’ care about recognition. It will also produce a kind of psychological pleasure and satisfaction. Einstein once said: "ask a question is often more important than solve a problem. Therefore, teachers should cherish any of the questions raised by the students, because it is the power of thinking. Teachers need to encourage student to think by creating a particular situation. Creating a good academic atmosphere can promote students to seek knowledge actively. In the teaching process, teachers should have consciousness of democracy and equality concept in order to make students become the master of classroom teaching. Only in this way, building a democratic teaching atmosphere can make spoken English class teaching more interactively between teachers and students.

6. Techniques for Implementing Interactive Speaking Activities

6.1 Providing cultural background knowledge

“One of the most obvious reasons why a particular content schema may fail to exist for a reader is that the schema is culturally specific and is not part of a particular reader’s cultural background”(Carrelamp;Eisterhold,1978). That is to say, the background knowledge that foreign language brings to the text is often culture-specific. The reader’s failure in instantiating an appropriate schema during reading comprehension causes different degrees of non-comprehension. The failure may due to the fact that the reader doesn’t possess comprehensive understanding of the schema and thus fails to comprehend. It turns to be necessary to provides students with cultural background.

In many cases, what prevents us from understanding is not the print itself, but the culture connoted in it. We should consider the background when choosing reading materials. It is also very important. “Direct instruction on background knowledge can significantly improve students’ comprehension of relevant reading materials.” (S.J Davis 1798). Sometimes, students may come across some incredible expressions which need the teachers’ explanations to help them solve their problems. For example, a white day means the day .But in the UK, white represents pure and happy things, so a white day means “ happy occasion”. So as a teacher, if he or she explains the differences of words to the students, they can have a better understanding of the reading.

剩余内容已隐藏，请支付后下载全文，论文总字数：29354字