基于计算机的学生科学素养评测方案的研究

论文总字数：43789字

摘 要

随着科学与技术的进步，社会、个人受到科学的影响深入到生活的方方面面，个体应对未来社会变化的科学素养显得尤为重要。本研究关注的科学素养的评测是融合计算机技术与传感器技术、融合真实实验与虚拟情境的评测方法，基于ECD模型进行实验方案设计，并成功开发出比热容与水处理两套评测方案。这两套方案主要评测物理和化学方面的科学素养。之后利用PISA样本试题进行问卷评测，再对同一批被试进行实验评测，取得数据，与问卷评测的数据进行对比，分析数据得出方案设计的合理性的结论。

本研究具有的创新意义在于其计算机技术与传感器技术相结合、虚拟情境与现实相结合的评测方法。除此之外，本研究还对国际上的PISA评测有着一定的补充意义。PISA的缺陷就在于无法评测学生的操作能力，而这两个实验的评测提供了一条很好的思路，那就是可以通过计算机与传感器技术的结合，将虚拟情境与现实相结合，对被试的科学素养进行综合评测。

关键词：

科学素养，评测，实验，PISA

EVALUATION SCHEMES STUDY OF STUDENTS’ SCIENTIFIC LITERACY BASED ON COMPUTER

ABSTRUCT

With the advancement of science and technology, science has influenced the every aspect of our society and life. Thus, it is of great significance for individuals to face the variable changes of future society. This study emphasizes on the ways of evaluation, which mix the information technology and sensor technology together, as well as mix the actual experiments and the virtual context together. The evaluation schemes are based on the ECD model. In this study, there are two evaluation schemes, which are the experiments about specific heat and water purification. At length, the experiment about specific heat mainly evaluate the scientific literacy on physics, and the other experiment about water purification mainly evaluate the scientific literacy on chemistry. Then we put them into practice and prove their rationality by relevant statistics. We carry on questionnaire evaluation, then evaluate the same subjects on the two experiments. After obtaining the statistics, we contrast it with the statistics of questionnaire evaluation and come into the conclusion that our experiments are rational.

The innovative significance of our study is the way of evaluation, which mixes the information technology and sensor technology together, as well as mixes the actual experiments and the virtual context together. In addition, our experiments are also of supplementary significance to the international PISA evaluation. The defect of PISA evaluation is that PISA cannot evaluate students’ operational capacity. Yet the two experiments provide a satisfactory solution, that is researchers can evaluate subjects’ scientific literacy by mixing the information technology and sensor technology together, as well as mixing the actual experiments and the virtual context together.

KEY WORDS: scientific literacy, evaluation, experiment, PISA

目 录

摘 要 I

ABSTRUCT II

目 录 III

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 科学素养研究现状 1

1.1.1 国际科学素养研究现状 1

1.1.2 国内科学素养研究现状 2

1.2 ECD模型介绍 3

1.3 选题依据和意义 4

1.4 研究内容和方法 5

1.4.1 研究内容 5

1.4.2 研究方法 5

1.5 研究的创新点（方案模型） 6

第二章 学生科学素养评测方案的设计与平台开发 7

2.1 方案设计的理论依据 7

2.2 两套方案设计与平台开发 8

2.2.1 方案设计模型 8

2.2.2方案一：比热容实验 9

2.2.2 方案二：水处理实验方案设计 19

第三章 PISA数据采集与分析 24

3.1 数据统计 24

3.2 PISA问卷研究结果与分析 24

第四章 实验数据分析与讨论 28

4.1 评测方案的研究结果与分析 28

4.1.1 实验一研究结果与分析 28

4.1.2 实验二研究结果与分析 29

4.2 讨论 31

第五章 局限与展望 33

5.1基于计算机的学生科学素养评测方案开发的创新意义 33

5.2方案实践的成果与缺陷的反思 33

5.3 建议 34

致谢 35

参考文献 36

附件1：关于PISA的科学分类标准 37

附件2：选题 41

附件3：主试指导语与评分标准 48

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