北方民居热环境及热泵辐射供热系统设计

 2022-06-15 11:06

论文总字数:31094字

摘 要

我国建筑行业仍然处于高速发展的时期,随着经济水平的提高和人民生活条件的改善,对居住条件的要求也随之提高。传统以燃煤锅炉为热源、铸铁式散热器为末端的供热系统已无法适应当前需求。随着对辐射供暖技术的不断探索,一种方便安装、节省能耗的模块式辐射供暖系统应运而生。

本文简述了我国北方集中供暖的发展历程, 以北方新建住宅为例,使用CAD制图软件绘制户型图,采用天正暖通软件针对传统燃煤锅炉为热源、铸铁型散热器为末端的采暖系统采用进行热负荷计算,并对散热器进行选型,计算年采暖消耗的能量。

本文结合辐射供暖原理设计出一套安装在外围护结构上的低温热水辐射供暖的模块式辐射板系统,讨论其供暖原理与在北方民居中实际应用的可行性。首先参考地暖结构选材并设计墙面辐射供暖模块的结构,绘制单元结构图;随后进行简化结构的传热性能和耗能计算,考虑以热泵为热源进行系统供能。

与传统供暖模式相比,墙面式辐射供暖模块虽然有计算热负荷较大等问题,但在施工便捷程度、节能环保性和热源高效率性方面仍有明显优势。本文根据计算结果对前后两种系统进行性能比较并分析,并针对实际应用情况进行成本估计,分析经济与环境效益。

关键词:低温辐射供暖系统,模块式辐射板,热泵

Abstract

China's construction industry is still in a period of rapid development. With the increase of economic level and improvement of people's living conditions, the demand for housing standard has also increased. Traditional heating systems that use coal-fired boilers as heat sources and cast-iron radiators as the end are unable to adapt to current needs. With the continuous exploration of radiant heating technology, a modular radiant heating system with easy facilitates installation and energy savings has emerged.

This article briefly describes the development of central heating in northern China. First, take the northern new residential building as an example, it uses CAD drawing software to draw floor plans, and use Tianzheng HVAC software for heating boilers with traditional coal-fired boilers as heat sources and cast iron radiators as the end to calculate the heat load, and the radiator is selected to calculate the annual energy consumed by heating.

Then the low-temperature hot water floor radiant heating system is introduced, which is used in energy-saving buildings in recent years. Considering its advantages and disadvantages, a heat pump radiant heating modular radiant panel system was designed based on the principle of radiant heating to discuss the heating principle and its practical application viability in northern residential areas. First of all, the unit structure diagram is drew and the structure of the wall radiant heating module is designed by referring to the floor heating material selection. After the structure is simplified, the heating energy at this time is calculated from the relevant formula, followed by the amount of electricity consumed by the heat pump and the required cost.

The thermal performance of the wall radiation is discussed by taking the selected material's thermal conductivity and other parameters into consideration. It is analyzed after compared with the traditional heating performance, whereas the cost is estimated according to various practical application conditions.

KEY WORDS: Heating systems, Modular radiant board, heat pump

目录

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 5

1.1 引言 5

1.2 研究现状与发展趋势 6

1.3 本课题的研究目的和主要研究内容 8

1.3.1 研究目的和方法 8

1.3.2 课题的问题与难点 8

第二章 传统供暖方案的计算与分析 9

2.1 我国北方地区现阶段的供暖方式的不足与缺陷 9

2.1.1 围护结构热损失大 9

2.1.2 供、回水温度设计不合理 10

2.1.3 散热器选择与布置不合理 10

2.1.4 散热器散热效果不可控 11

2.2 基于传统供暖系统的能耗计算 11

2.2.1 住宅位置等基本参数 12

2.2.2 采暖设计热负荷指标计算 12

2.2.3 房间的热负荷计算 13

2.3 散热器选型 16

第三章 模块化辐射供暖系统原理与设计 18

3.1 模块化辐射供暖的意义与优点 18

3.2 辐射供暖单元的构造及原理 18

3.2.1 壁面辐射供暖的原理 18

3.2.2 模块式辐射供暖单元的构造 19

3.2.3 辐射供暖可拼接模块设计 21

3.3 墙面辐射供暖热力性能与计算 22

3.3.1 墙面辐射供暖原理 22

3.3.2 辐射供暖单元热力计算 23

第四章 供暖热源改进前后的比较计算 25

4.1 传统燃煤供暖系统的耗能计算 25

4.2 对住宅进行节能改造后的耗能计算 26

4.3 采用壁面辐射供暖节能改造前后对比与分析 26

4.3.1 住户费用分析 26

4.3.2 环境效益分析 27

第五章 总结和展望 28

5.1 总结 28

5.2 展望 28

致谢 30

参考文献 31

附录 33

绪论

引言

中国三分之二的地区位于寒冷严寒地区(大部分位于中国北方),这些地区在冬季通常采用集中供热。截至2012年底,严寒区和寒区集中供热建筑面积已达到5.18亿平方米,其中约70%的供热面积属于住宅建筑。

目前,在我国的北方寒冷与严寒地区,人民采用普通的民用空调或者铸铁式散热器进行住宅供暖。根据2017年的最新数据,2015年中国建筑能耗总量为8.57亿吨标准煤,占全国能源消费总量的20%。目前中国每年新建建筑中95%为高能耗建筑,单位建筑供热能耗比发达国家新建建筑能耗高3倍以上。如果建筑能耗发展水平变化不大,预计到2020年中国建筑能耗达到10.89亿吨标准煤。[1]

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