槽式太阳能热发电集热场设计

论文总字数：25233字

摘 要

经济发展导致能源需求快速增长。与此同时，化石能源的大量、低效率利用带来的能源短缺、环境污染等问题，已经逐渐成为了影响国计民生的关键。抛物面槽型太阳能热发电是一项无污染、低能耗的清洁能源发电技术。其中集热场是槽式热力系统中的主要部分，由许多聚光集热器连接而成。抛物槽集热器是太阳能热发电系统中的基本构成单元，其聚光集热效率对整个热电站的发电效率有着很大的影响。本文在建立槽式抛物面聚光器模型的基础上，模拟了集热管外表面的热流密度，设计了太阳能热发电站镜场聚光阵列，综述了太阳能单轴跟踪系统的相关理论，介绍了导热油回路的布置方式，并对30MW槽式太阳能集热系统进行了设计计算。

首先基于太阳辐射相关的基本概念和参数，建立了槽式抛物面聚光器的几何参数模型。聚光集热器的设计包括反射镜的开口宽度、焦距、边缘角、几何聚光比以及集热管的直径等。并利用SolTrace软件对集热管表面热流密度分布进行了模拟分析。

其次对太阳能镜场进行了设计，确定了集热器单回路长度、回路数、单回路集热器组合个数和总集热单元数；通过对不同跟踪方式的介绍、比较以及选择，针对南京地区选择合适的跟踪方式；论述了导热油回路布置的方法。

最后，建立了槽式集热系统模型。通过对各级换热器蒸汽侧和导热油侧的参数的计算，得到了集热系统进出口的导热油温度和流量，计算了集热系统的集热效率。

关键词：集热场，设计，抛物槽集热器，跟踪方式

THE DESIGN OF COLLECTOR FIELD IN PARABOLIC

TROUGH SOLAR THERMAL POWER GENERATION

Abstract

Economic progress leads to the rapid increase of energy requirement. At the same time, the excessive and inefficient use of energy which causes energy shortage, environmental pollution and other issues, has gradually become a key matter affecting the national economy and the people's livelihood. Parabolic trough solar thermal electricity generation is a non-polluting，low-power and clean power generation technologies．It has entered the commercialization stage.The collector field is the main part of trough thermodynamicl system and is connected by many concentrating heaters. Parabolic trough collector (PTC) is the core unit of solar thermal electricity generation system, its concentrating heat efficiency has a great impact on power plant electrical efficiency.Based on the established of parabolic through concentrators,this essay tries to simulate the energy density out of the the heat transfer of the solar collector tube,design the condenser array for the through solar thermal power plant mirror field,studies the solar through axis tracking system, introduced the arrangement of the conducting oil circuits, then design and calculate a 30MW parabolic trough solar collector system.

Firstly, based on the basic concepts and parameters related to solar radiation, I create a geometric parameter of parabolic through concentrating collector system model. The design of the condenser collector includes the opening width of the mirror, the focal length, the edge angle, the geometric concentration ratio, and the diameter of the heat collector. And the condenser performance of the concentrator was simulated by SolTrace software.

Secondly, the design of the solar energy field is carried out, and the single loop length, the number of loops, the number of single-circuit collectors and the number of total heat collecting units are determined. Through the introduction, comparison and selection of different tracking methods, The regional selection of the appropriate tracking method; discussed the thermal oil circuit layout method.

Finally, the trough collector system model is established. The parameters of the preheaters, steam generator, super heater and reheat steam side and the HTF side are calculated, and the temperature and flow rate of the HTF(heat transfer oil) are obtained.

KEY WORDS:solar collector field,design,parabolic trough collector,tracking mode

目 录

摘 要 …………………………………………………………………Ⅱ

Abstract ……………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ

第一章 绪论……………………………………………………………………1

1.1 课题研究背景 ……………………………………………………………1

1.2 槽式太阳能热发电系统 …………………………………………………2

1.3 槽式太阳能技术研究现状 ………………………………………………3

1.4 课题设计目的 ………………………………………………………………4

第二章 槽式集热器的设计 ………………………………………………………5

2.1 引言…………………………………………………………………………5

2.2 槽形抛物面集热器几何参数…………………………………………………5

2.3 聚光特性及集热管表面能流密度模拟…………………………………………9

2.3.1 MCRT法…………………………………………………………………………9

2.3.2 SolTrace软件 …………………………………………………………………10

2.3.3聚光器物理模型的建立 ………………………………………………………10

2.4不同误差对能流密度分布的影响……………………………………………12

2.5 小结…………………………………………………………………………………13

第三章 槽式集热场的设计 ……………………………………………………14

3.1 镜场模型的建立及计算…………………………………………………14

3.2 跟踪方式的选择……………………………………………………………17

3.3 导热油回路的布置………………………………………………………20

3.4 小结…………………………………………………………………………20

第四章 槽式集热系统的热力系统的设计…………………………………………22

4.1 引言 ……………………………………………………………………22

4.2 槽式集热系统的热力系统模型建立………………………………………22

4.3 第一回路的参数确定…………………………………………………………23

4.4 本章小结………………………………………………………………………27

总 结 ……………………………………………………………………………28

致 谢 ……………………………………………………………………………29

参考文献（References） ……………………………………………………………30

第一章 绪 论

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