分布式发电对配电网电压影响的研究

论文总字数：21786字

摘 要

随着时代的发展与进步，智能电网逐渐被引入世界各地，而关于智能电网的使用，世界上有有许多不同的声音，其优点与缺点也逐步显现。早在上个世纪，世界迎来工业革命与世纪更替，人们对电力的需求无论是从数量还是质量上都有着飞速的提升，电力逐渐成为普通人们生活中不可缺少的一部分。

分布式发电，作为上个世纪以来逐步加入智能电网，并成为智能电网一个重要部分的组件也博得了许多关注与瞩目。分布式发电中可以讨论与研究的题材多种多样，包括渗透率，介入的分布式电源的位置分布，介入的分布式电源的容量大小等等，具体而言其对电网的影响还是主要表现在电压上。自从分布式电源被加入到系统中，配电网的结构就发生了变化，原本配电网是单一的传统的无源网络，而现在随着分布式电源的加入结构升级变成了含有一定容量的电源的含源网络，这是一个巨大的改变与发展。

本论文主要想就分布式发电的基本概念做出一个论述，并对分布式发电对配电网电压的影响做出一个简要的分析与计算。本文主要分为几个部分，包括对分布式发电在国内外的历史与现状的了解，对分布式发电的一些基本知识，比如其分类、简单定义、常见模型等作出了讨论，也对分布式发电对配电网电压具体造成的一些影响进行了论述。最后，本文以一个辐射性网络与一个环形网络为例，以不加入分布式电源为对照，做出了加入分布式电源后的一些情况的讨论，给出了计算，论述分布式发电对配电网电压的一些影响。

关键词：分布式发电；电力系统潮流计算；配电网电压

Research on the influence of distributed generation on distribution network voltage

Abstract

With the development of age, smart grid is gradually introduced to all parts of the world, and there are many different voices in the world about the use of smart grid, and its advantages and disadvantages are gradually revealed. As early as last century, the world ushered in the industrial revolution and the replacement of the century, people"s demand for electricity has been rapidly improved both in quantity and quality, and electricity has gradually become an indispensable part of ordinary people"s life.

As an important component of smart grid, distributed generation has gradually joined smart grid since last century. There are a variety of topics that can be discussed and studied in distributed power generation, including permeability, location distribution of the involved distributed power supply, capacity size of the involved distributed power supply, etc. Specifically, its impact on the power grid is mainly reflected in voltage. Since the addition of distributed power supply into the system, the structure of distribution network has changed. Originally, the distribution network was a single traditional passive network, but now with the addition of distributed power supply, the structure has been upgraded into a sources-containing network containing power supply with a certain capacity, which is a huge change and development.

This paper mainly wants to make a discussion on the basic concept of distributed generation, and make a brief analysis about distributed generation on the distribution network voltage. This paper is mainly divided into several parts, including the understanding of the history and current situation of distributed power generation at home and abroad, some basic knowledge of distributed power generation, such as its classification, simple definition, common model, etc., are discussed, and the specific impact of distributed power generation on distribution network voltage is discussed. Finally, taking a radial network and a ring network as examples, this paper discusses some situations after the addition of the distributed power supply and discusses the influence of the distributed generation connected into the voltage of the distribution network.

Keywords: distributed generation，Power flow calculation of power system，Distribution network voltage

目录

摘要………………………………………………………………………………………………

Abstract ………………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ

第一章 绪论 …………………………………………………………………………………… 1

1.1选题提出的背景与意义 ………………………………………………………………… 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 …………………………………………………………………………1

1.3本文研究内容 …………………………………………………………………………… 2

第二章 分布式发电技术…………………………………………………………………………3

2.1分布式发电的定义 ……………………………………………………………………… 3

2.2分布式电源的概述与特点 ……………………………………………………………… 4

2.3分布式发电的分类…………………………………………………………………………5

2.4分布式电源的模型…………………………………………………………………………6

2.4.1 风力发电 …………………………………………………………………………… 6

2.4.2 光伏发电 …………………………………………………………………………… 6

2.4.3 燃料电池发电…………………………………………………………………………7

2.5本章小结……………………………………………………………………………………7

第三章 分布式发电对电力系统电压的影响…………………………………………………… 8

3.1分布式发电对配电网电压分布的影响……………………………………………………8

3.2分布式发电对电能质量的影响……………………………………………………………9

3.2.1分布式发电对电压跌落的影响………………………………………………………9

3.2.2分布式发电带来的电压闪变 ………………………………………………………10

3.2.3分布式发电带来的谐波问题 ………………………………………………………11

3.3本章小结 …………………………………………………………………………………11

第四章 算例分析 ……………………………………………………………………………… 12

4.1配网的潮流计算方法 ……………………………………………………………………12

4.2含分布式电源的算例分析 ………………………………………………………………12

4.3本章小结 …………………………………………………………………………………14

第五章 结论与展望………………………………………………………………………………15

5.1 结论 ………………………………………………………………………………………15

5.2 展望 ………………………………………………………………………………………15

致 谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………………16

参考文献………………………………………………………………………………………… 17

1. 绪论

1.1选题提出的背景与意义

分布式发电在节约投资、提高能源效率和环境保护等方面的优势日益受到人们的广泛关注。分布式电源主要与配电网相连接，在供电质量、继电保护、供电可靠性等方面都会对其产生影响。随着现代敏感电力设备的广泛应用，电压骤降等一系列分布式电源加入带来的问题已成为供电企业和用户最为关注的电力相关问题之一。因此，有必要对有与其相关的电压问题进行研究。总观各类报告与研究，对电压问题研究相对来说较多，而对采用分布式电源的配电网电压问题的研究也日益增加。

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