磁通切换高温超导电机的设计与分析

 2022-07-20 02:07

论文总字数:28589字

摘 要

高温超导材料由于其独特的性质,在各个领域都有着巨大的应用潜力。高温超导电机是高温超导材料重要的应用领域之一,具有高功率密度、高效率的优势,在风力发电、舰船驱动、飞机电源等领域应用潜力巨大。高温超导磁通切换电机是一种源于定子励磁型电机的新型超导电机,其超导励磁绕组和电枢绕组都安放在定子上,简化了超导磁体的封装和冷却系统的设计,去除了电刷与滑环,而且转子结构简单,转子上无磁体无绕组,从而提高了超导电机系统的可靠性。本文应用有限元分析软件,设计了一台转子分瓣式高温超导磁通切换电机,并分析了其电磁特性。主要研究内容如下:

首先,介绍超导现象,回顾超导材料、超导技术及超导电机的发展历程,介绍高温超导磁通切换电机的特点与优势;

其次,应用有限元分析软件,对转子分瓣式高温超导磁通切换电机的合理拓扑结构进行探讨,比较其不同拓扑结构的电磁性能,选择出最佳的齿数、转子分瓣数、转子分瓣跨度;

然后,介绍超导磁体的设计,包括超导杜瓦、超导绕组、电流引线、冷却系统。此液氮冷却系统可以为跑道形超导励磁绕组提供63K的低温条件,保证其工作在超导状态下,防止失超;

最后,基于有限元分析软件,分析采用超导绕组大电流励磁的高温超导磁通切换电机的电磁特性,并探索减小其齿槽转矩的方法。

关键词:有限元分析,高温超导,磁通切换电机

Abstract

Due to its unique properties, superconductors have great applied potential in many fields. High-temperature superconducting (HTS) machines have the advantages of both high efficiency and high power density, so they have great prospect in wind power generation, ship propulsion system, airplane generation system and so on. The HTS flux-switching machine (FSM) is a new type of superconducting machine, which is derived from stator-excitation machine. In the HTS-FSM, both the superconducting field-excitation winding and the armature winding are mounted on the stator, which must not need the rotating seal, the complicated support structure and the brush and slip, resulting in simplicity of the cooling system, the support system and the excitation system. And the rotor without winding and permanent magnet has the features of simple structure and high robust. These inherent characteristics of HTS-FSM may significantly improve the reliability of the HTS machine system and reduce the cost of fabrication, operation and maintenance. In this thesis, a high-temperature superconducting flux-switching machine is designed and analyzed using the finite element method. The specific research works are as follows:

Firstly, the superconductivity and development of the superconductors and the development of superconducting technology and superconducting electrical machines are introduced. In addition, a new kind of superconducting electrical machine, segmented-rotor HTS-FSM is introduced.

Secondly, the different topologies of the segmented-rotor HTS-FSM are analyzed and compared using the finite element method, including the number of teeth, the number of rotor segment and the rotor segment span, then the best one among these topologies will be chose as the structure of the HTS-FSM.

Thirdly, to keep the superconductivity of superconducting field-excitation winding, a stationary seal cooling system is designed to offer the cryogenic environment around 63 K. The design process of Dewar, superconducting winding, current lead are introduced, as well as the working regulation of the cooling system is explained.

Fourthly, the electromagnetic characteristics of the HTS-FSM are analyzed using the finite element method. Additionally, three methods for reducing cogging torque are proposed and discussed.

KEY WORDS: Finite element analysis, High-temperature superconducting, Flux-switching electrical machine.

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 高温超导材料 1

1.1.1 超导材料的基本特性 1

1.1.2 高温超导材料的发展 3

1.1.3 高温超导应用技术概况 3

1.2 高温超导电机 4

1.2.1 高温超导电机技术国内外研究状况 4

1.2.2 各种类型的高温超导电机 5

1.3 高温超导磁通切换电机 6

1.4 本课题的研究内容和论文结构 8

1.4.1 研究内容 8

1.4.2 论文结构 8

第二章 转子分瓣式HTS-FSM的结构设计 9

2.1 转子分瓣式HTS-FSM 9

2.1.1 转子分瓣式HTS-FSM结构 9

2.1.2 转子分瓣式HTS-FSM的工作原理 9

2.2 转子分瓣式磁通切换电机的拓扑结构 10

2.3 拓扑结构的性能比较 11

2.3.1 空载峰值磁链 13

2.3.2 空载感应电势 15

2.3.3 转矩能力 23

2.4 最优转子分瓣式磁通切换电机拓扑结构的选择 25

2.5 小结 26

第三章 HTS磁体设计 27

3.1 引言 27

3.2 HTS材料的选择 27

3.3 HTS励磁绕组 27

3.4 HTS杜瓦 28

3.5 电流引线 30

3.6 低温冷却系统 30

3.7 小结 31

第四章 转子分瓣式HTS-FSM的电磁特性分析 32

4.1 引言 32

4.2 有限元软件建模 32

4.3 电磁特性分析 35

4.3.1 空载磁链 36

4.3.2 空载感应电势 36

4.3.3 转矩能力 37

4.4 小结 42

第五章 总结 43

5.1 工作内容总结 43

5.2 不足与反思 43

致谢 44

参考文献 45

绪论

高温超导材料

超导材料的基本特性

1908年荷兰H.K.Onnes教授成功通过液化氦气获得了接近绝对零度的低温—4.2K。 1911年,H.K.Onnes发现在4.2K的低温附近,汞的电阻骤降至零。他首次提出“超导”一词用以表述这一现象。自此,人们对超导的研究一直都是方兴未艾。处于超导状态的导体称为超导体,用以制备超导体的材料称为超导材料。

超导体具有其他导体不具备的3个重要特性,分别是零电阻、完全抗磁性—迈纳斯效应、宏观量子效应。

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