基于多阶段博弈的电力系统恶意攻击防御策略

 2022-07-19 10:07

论文总字数:30790字

摘 要

随着信息通信技术的快速发展,现在的电力系统已经逐渐成为了一个典型的信息物理融合系统(Cyber Physical System, CPS)。但是电力CPS的架构特征和信息传导原理,导致系统内部存在一定的脆弱性,由此存在对系统关键组成部件进行网络攻击导致重大安全事件和经济损失事件发生的可能性。因此如何有效提高电力CPS应对恶意攻击的防御能力是目前研究的热点之一。本文采取博弈论的方法,基于对电力CPS架构和脆弱性以及潜在网络攻击风险的研究,提出了一种基于多阶段博弈的电力系统恶意攻击防御策略,来保护系统的关键组件。具体内容如下:

首先,本文对电力CPS的架构和原理进行了研究。电力CPS可以分为信息、通信和物理三个层次,层次之间紧密耦合,相互影响。通过分层分析研究,得到电力CPS的物理层和信息层存在一定的脆弱性,验证了网络攻击发生需要存在的客观条件。

通过对电力CPS中的恶意攻击研究,分析归纳得到可能性较大的几种攻击手段和攻击原理,从安全稳定运行方面和经济方面分析了电力CPS受到恶意攻击时可能会产生的几种影响,并提出了一种量化的攻击后果评价指标。

基于以上内容,针对虚假数据注入攻击(False Data Injection Attack, FDIA)提出了一种可能的具体攻击方式和相应的防御方法。在考虑多阶段的情况下基于博弈论提出了一种有效保护电力CPS关键组件的主动防御方法。利用Matlab软件在IEEE 9节点系统上仿真了提出的防御方法,并比较了单阶段场景和多阶段场景的不同分析方法得到的结果,验证了所提模型的有效性。

关键词:电力信息物理融合系统,博弈论,最优负荷减载方法,虚假数据注入攻击

Abstract

With the great development of the information communication technology (ICT), the power system has become a typical grid cyber physical system (GCPS). However, owing to the structure feature and information transmission principle, there does exist vulnerability in the GCPS, which may lead to disastrous secure incidents and huge economic losses resulting from attacking against critical infrastructure in GCPS. Therefore, how to effectively enhance the defense capability of GCPS in dealing with malicious attacks is currently one of the hot topics. With the research of GCPS architecture, vulnerability and potential cyber-attack risk, this thesis adopts a game-theory approach and proposes a multi-stage game based malicious attack defense strategy for power system to protect the key components of the system. The main results are as follows:

First of all, this thesis studies the architecture and principle of GCPS. GCPS can be divided into three levels: information, communication and physical, which couple closely and influence each other. Through stratified analysis and research, it is found that the physical layer and information layer of the GCPS have some vulnerability, so the objective conditions for the existence of cyber-attacks are verified.

Through the research on malicious cyber-attack against GCPS, several probable attack methods and attack principles are detailed analyzed. From the perspective of operation security, stability and economy, we analyze several possibly effects and put forward a quantitative evaluation index to assess effect.

Based on the research mentioned above, a possible specific attack method and corresponding defense method are proposed for False Data Injection Attack (FDIA). A valid defense method to protect the key components of GCPS effectively is proposed in consideration of multi-stage situation based on game-theory. The proposed defense method was simulated on the IEEE 9-bus system using Matlab software. The results obtained by the different analysis methods of the single-stage situation and the multi- stage situation were compared, and the validity of the proposed model was verified.

KEY WORDS: Grid Cyber Physical System, Game Theory, Optimal Load Shedding Algorithm, False Data Injection Attack

目 录

摘要 ………………I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 选题背景 1

1.2 选题意义 1

1.3 国内外研究现状 2

1.3.1 电力CPS脆弱性研究 2

1.3.2 针对电力CPS的恶意攻击研究 4

1.4 论文主要工作 6

第二章 电力CPS的架构及其脆弱性研究 7

2.1 电力CPS的构成和主要功能 7

2.1.1 CPS概述 7

2.1.2 电力CPS的定义和架构 8

2.1.3 电力CPS的主要功能 9

2.2 电力CPS的脆弱性分析 9

2.2.1 物理层的脆弱性 10

2.2.2 信息层的脆弱性 10

2.3 总结 11

第三章 电力CPS中的恶意攻击研究 12

3.1 电力CPS的恶意攻击内涵 12

3.1.1 电力CPS的恶意攻击定义 12

3.1.2 电力CPS的恶意攻击分类 12

3.2 恶意攻击对电力CPS的影响后果 13

3.2.1 攻击后果分析 13

3.2.2 攻击后果评价指标 14

3.3 电力系统对恶意攻击的防御手段 14

3.4 总结 15

第四章 基于多阶段博弈的恶意攻击主动防御策略 17

4.1 双人零和博弈 17

4.1.1 博弈模型 17

4.1.2 博弈的纳什均衡点求解 17

4.2 基于博弈论的恶意攻击主动防御模型 18

4.3 算例验证 18

4.3.1 单阶段博弈算例验证 19

4.3.2 多阶段博弈算例验证 21

4.4 总结 24

第五章 结论与展望 25

5.1 结论 25

5.2 展望 25

致谢 26

毕业设计期间成果 26

参考文献 27

第一章 绪论

1.1 选题背景

电力系统作为现代社会最重要的基础设施之一,如今已经和通信系统逐渐深度融合,成为了一个典型的信息物理融合系统(cyber physical system ,CPS)。随着新型通讯设备的应用和信息通信技术(information communication technology, ICT)的发展,电力系统已经实现实时获取电网全面、详细的信息进而辅助电力系统决策。

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