轿车油门踏板机构设计与动力学分析

 2022-01-29 07:01

论文总字数:22949字

摘 要

1. 在研究国内外各车型的油门踏板的基础上,提出一种基于四连杆机构和杠杆机构的油门踏板机构模型。该模型通过杠杆机构对库伦阻尼器进行施压,达到踏板力越大,阻尼越大的效果。

2. 将踏板运动过程近似视为准静态过程,推导出踏板角度和踏板力的关系式,运用matlab编程并画出踏板力与踏板转角的曲线图。调整踏板机构中各杆长,以及弹簧刚度、阻尼器半径等参数,使曲线接近目标曲线。

3. 建立踏板机构的ADAMS模型,对其进行不同工况下的动力学分析,画出力学曲线,验证理论计算的结果。

4. 对模型细节部分进行完善,使用CATIA建立踏板机构三维模型,并用ANSYS对机构进行强度分析,在保证强度的基础上,修改模型以达到轻量化的目的。

关键词:油门踏板;双向阻尼;四连杆机构;动力学分析

The mechanism design and kinetic analysis of an accelerator pedal

Zhang Haichuan

Supervised by Zhang Jianrun

Abstract: The accelerator pedal is one of the most commonly used controls when the driver is driving a vehicle, and its performance directly affects the driving experience of the driver and the driving and safety performance of the vehicle. For an accelerator pedal, it is very important to realize the bidirectional damping. That is, there is damping when the pedal is stepped down or rebound, so that the driver can use fewer force to hold the pedal or rebound it. Besides, the deeper the pedal is stepped down, the greater the damping becomes. In this way, the driver can hold the pedal more easily, and control the pedal more accurately. In this paper, an accelerator pedal is designed with mechanics deduction. The relationship of its pedal force and angle is analyzed through dynamic simulation. At last, the detail of the pedal is designed and the strength of it is verified. The innovative work and main achievements of this paper are as follows:

1. On the basis of all kinds of accelerator pedals, this paper puts forwards a mechanism model of the accelerator pedal, based on the four link mechanism and the lever mechanism. The model puts pressure on a Coulomb damper through the lever mechanism, makes greater damping when the pedal is stepped.

2. The pedal motion process is regarded as quasi static process, and the relationship between the pedal angle and pedal force is deduced. The diagram can be drawn by matlab. By adjusting the length of each rod in the pedal mechanism, spring stiffness and damper radius, the diagram becomes close to the target curve.

3. ADAMS model of the pedal mechanism is established and the results of theoretical calculation are verified through the kinetic analysis in different conditions.

4. The three-dimensional model of pedal mechanism is established by CATIA, and analyzed by ANSYS. On the basis of ensuring the strength, the model is modified in order to achieve the purpose of lightweight.

Key words: accelerator pedal; bidirectional damping; four link mechanism; kinetic analysis

目录

1. 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 油门踏板的国内外研究历史和现状 2

1.2.1 国外研究历史和现状 2

1.2.2 国内研究历史和现状 3

1.3 研究目的和内容 4

1.3.1 研究目的和意义 4

1.3.2 本文的主要工作内容 4

1.4 本文结构安排 5

2. 油门踏板设计概述 6

2.1 油门踏板的分类 6

2.1.1 根据结构分类 6

2.1.2 根据控制方式分类 7

2.2 油门踏板与人机工程学 7

2.2.1 汽车人机工程学 7

2.2.2 汽车人机工程学对油门踏板的设计要求 8

2.3 油门踏板设计目标 9

2.3.1 尺寸和外形目标 10

2.3.2 力学目标 10

2.3.3 强度目标 11

2.3.4 线性度目标 11

2.3.5 轻量化目标 11

2.3.6 美观性目标 11

3. 油门踏板机构设计及计算 13

3.1 无杠杆机构的四连杆油门踏板 13

3.1.1 机构简图与说明 13

3.1.2 几何推导 13

3.1.3 力学推导 15

3.1.4 计算结果及分析 19

3.2增加杠杆机构的四连杆油门踏板 23

3.2.1 机构简图与说明 23

3.2.2 几何推导 23

3.2.3 力学推导 24

3.2.4 计算结果及分析 27

4. Adams动力学仿真 30

4.1 模型介绍 30

4.2 仿真结果 30

4.2.1 结果1 30

4.2.2 结果2 34

5. 三维建模与强度分析 38

5.1 CATIA模型介绍 38

5.2 关键零件强度分析及结构优化 39

5.2.1 踏板面 39

5.2.2 杠杆 42

6. 结论 45

6.1 全文总结 45

6.2 后期工作展望 45

致 谢 46

参考文献 47

轿车油门踏板机构设计与动力学分析

1. 绪论

1.1 研究背景

汽车在人们生活中扮演着重要的角色。近年来,汽车工业蓬勃发展,仅2015年一年,我国汽车产销就分别完成了2450.33万辆和2459.76万辆。汽车工业的发展已有一百多年,如今人们在提高汽车基本性能的同时,又对其舒适性和安全性提出了更高的要求。油门踏板作为驾驶员最长使用的操纵件之一,其性能直接影响到了驾驶员的驾驶体验,并且关系到整车的安全性能。

轿车上油门踏板的主要功能是改变发动机的节气门打开角度,达到调节发动机功率和转速的目的。现在汽车上的油门踏板主要有地板式和悬挂式两种。地板式踏板转轴位于踏板底部,驾驶员踩踏时脚掌可以全部踩上去;悬挂式踏板转轴位于支架顶端,一般只能给驾驶员的前脚掌提供支点。相比较而言,由于悬挂式油门踏板只能给前脚掌提供支点,因此长时间驾驶小腿会比较僵硬,导致它的控制精度不如地板式踏板。但悬挂式踏板在设计上可以将踏板支架做成铁棍,所以在很大程度上可以省掉成本,因此一般的厂商更喜欢选用悬挂式踏板,而一些高端车型则会选择地板式踏板。

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