基于加速度计的建筑摆动监测研究

 2022-05-12 09:05

论文总字数:30143字

摘 要

在城市空间布局日益呈现出由平面向立体纵深发展的今天,建筑业的建造施工、交通工具的运营等都不可避免的产生环境振动,与此同时,在温度、风、地球自转等各式各样的自然因素影响下,地球上的一切物体都始终处于周期性或非周期性的偏摆运动状态,高层建筑的摆动则更加剧烈。当外界因素诱发建筑结构的振动超过一定范围时,将会给建筑内部的人们带来心理上的影响,这时容易引发焦躁不安、恐慌等情绪不稳定问题。因此,研究地面高层建筑物的振动问题十分有必要。

本文对建筑摆动监测的研究工作以加速度作为建筑摆动依据,利用加速度计进行建筑摆动的监测。通过对监测的加速度信息进行数值分析与因素验证实验,得到了影响目标高层建筑物振动的两大主要因素——风与交通工具。使用Simulink仿真软件以利用加速度计与风速风向传感器采集的交通工具引发的地表振动数据和风速风向数据经过小波分析与FIR滤波器处理后得出的最大振动作为输入源,对目标高层建筑物受外界激励所产生的振动响应进行物理仿真并预测了目标高层建筑物的实际振动情况。对使用加速度计监测采集到的目标建筑物实际振动数据运用频谱分析的方法得到其功率谱,利用功率谱曲线所包络的面积在数值上可表征激励的能量这一特点,分析出目标建筑物受特定因素的实际振动趋势。

关键词:加速度计,建筑摆动,变形监测,小波分析,功率谱

Abstract

In the urban space layout, the development from the plane to the three-dimensional depth is increasingly present. The construction and construction of the construction industry and the operation of the vehicles are inevitably generating environmental vibrations. At the same time, various types of temperature, wind, and earth rotation are inevitable. Under the influence of natural factors, all objects on the earth are always in a periodic or non-periodic yaw state, and the swing of tall buildings is more intense. When external factors induce the vibration of the building structure to exceed a certain range, it will have a psychological impact on the people inside the building. At this time, it is easy to cause emotional instability such as anxiety, panic and so on. Therefore, it is necessary to study the vibration problem of high-rise buildings on the ground.

In this paper, the research work of building swing monitoring uses acceleration as the basis of building swing, and uses accelerometer to monitor the building swing. Through numerical analysis and factor verification experiments on the monitored acceleration information, two main factors affecting the vibration of the target high-rise building are the wind and the vehicle. The maximum vibration generated by the wavelet analysis and the FIR filter is used as the input source by the Simulink simulation software to generate the surface vibration data and the wind speed and direction data generated by the vehicle using the accelerometer and the wind speed and direction sensor, and the target high-rise building is subjected to the outside. The vibration response generated by the excitation is physically simulated and the actual vibration of the target high-rise building is predicted. The power spectrum is obtained by using the spectrum analysis method to monitor the actual vibration data of the target building collected by the accelerometer. The area enveloped by the power spectrum curve can be used to characterize the energy of the excitation, and the target building is analyzed. The actual vibration trend due to specific factors.

KEY WORDS: Accelerometer, Building Swing, Deformation Monitoring, Wavelet Transform, Power Spectrum

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1背景及研究意义 1

1.2加速度计原理概述 1

1.3建筑摆动监测的研究现状 2

1.4本文的主要内容及结构 3

第二章 基于加速度计的建筑摆动数值分析 5

2.1实验准备 5

2.1.1实验设备 5

2.1.2实验场地布设 7

2.2初始实验 8

2.2.1实验方案 8

2.2.2实验数据处理与分析 8

2.3交通工具引发地表振动的频率提取试验 10

2.3.1实验目的 10

2.3.2实验对象 10

2.3.3实验方案 11

2.3.4实验数据处理与分析 12

2.4风振动频率的提取试验 23

2.4.1实验方案 23

2.4.2实验数据处理与分析 24

第三章 基于数值分析的建筑摆动仿真 26

3.1Simulink与小波变换概述 26

3.1.1Simulink 26

3.1.2小波变换 26

3.2建筑摆动监测影响因素 29

3.2.1噪声 29

3.2.2风振 29

3.2.3交通工具 32

3.3仿真模型建立与数据分析 34

3.3.1仿真模型建立 34

3.3.2仿真数据分析 35

第四章 基于加速度计的建筑摆动监测数据统计分析 39

4.1交通工具影响方向实验 39

4.1.1实验方案 39

4.1.2实验数据处理与分析 39

4.2地铁样本集提取实验 41

4.2.1实验方案 41

4.2.2实验数据处理与分析 43

4.3逸夫建筑馆在交通工具影响下的变形趋势 44

4.3.1实验方案 44

4.3.2实验数据处理与分析 44

4.4逸夫建筑馆在风影响下的变形 47

4.4.1实验方案 47

4.4.2实验数据处理与分析 47

4.5逸夫建筑馆模态分析 50

4.5.1实验方案 50

4.5.2实验数据处理与分析 50

第五章 总结与展望 52

5.1总结 52

5.2展望 52

参考文献 53

致 谢 55

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