中国上市银行股权结构对其绩效影响的实证研究

 2022-02-07 09:02

论文总字数:28412字

摘 要

自2001年起,我国银行相继走上上市的道路,近20年来,我国上市银行已有16家,其中包括5家国有银行,8家股份制商业银行和3家城市商业银行。银行的上市使得股权性质向多元化发展,除了国家持股、国有法人持股以外,还有企业法人、公众、乃至境外法人,股权性质的变动在一定程度上促进了金融资源的合理配置。股权结构是公司治理里最关键和基础的问题之一,也是公司绩效的一个重要影响因素。因此,研究股权结构对银行绩效的影响不仅可以探讨银行上市后经营治理状况的行为与状况,也对我国其它未上市的商业银行可持续发展有所启发。

本文基于相关理论,采用2007年到2014年8年的数据进行实证,研究了中国上市银行股权结构对绩效的影响。文章首先阐明了研究背景与意义;其次综述国内外相关文献;然后选取变量、分析数据、提出研究假设;随后进行了回归结果报告与分析;最后得出研究结论并提出相关建议。

通过分析,本文发现:第一大股东比例与绩效呈倒U形二次关系,加入控制变量也同样显著;非控股股东集中度与绩效呈一次正相关,结果相对稳定;国有股与绩效负相关,加入控制变量后变得不再显著;流通股与总资产收益率为较显著的倒U形关系,而与每股收益为正相关;法人股与总资产收益率的相关性并不显著,但与每股收益为U形二次关系。同时,资产规模对银行绩效有着显著正效应,存贷比并没有显著影响。

基于上述结论,本文提出了引进机构投资者,优化股权集中度;完善监督机制,发挥中小股东作用等相关政策建议。

关键词:上市银行;股权结构;绩效

The empirical research on the impact of China’s listed banks ownership on their performance

Abstract

Since 2001, China's banks have embarked on public roads. In the nearly 20 years, there have been 16 listed banks, including the all 5 State-owned banks, 8 joint-stock commercial banks, 3 city commercial banks. The characters of the listed banks are toward diversion, from state-owned and state-owned legal person, to corporate and the public, even the foreign legal person. Because the ownership structure is one of the most basic key issues of corporate governance, is also one of the most important performance factors. The study of ownership structure on the performance not only reflects the business governance of listed banks, and inspires other unlisted commercial banks about the sustainable development in China.

Based on the relevant theories, our article uses data from 2007 to 2014 to make empirical research. The full text first clarifies the background and significance of the research, and reviews the relevant literatures; then selects relevant variables, analyses data statistically, and proposes hypothesis, followed by regression analysis. Finally, draw conclusions and make recommendations.

Through the analysis, the paper finds: firstly, the biggest shareholder’s proportion and performance is pour-U-shaped relationship, joined control variables, the result also is significant. And the non-holding-shareholder concentrated degrees and performance is positively related, and the result is relatively stable. The state-owned stock and performance is negatively related, while a joined control variable, the relation becomes no longer significant. And circulation stock and ROA are relatively significant pour-u-shaped relationship, and is positively related with EPS. Then corporate unit and ROA have no significantly relationship, but with EPS, they ate for U shaped two times relationship. Meanwhile, asset on the Bank’s performance have a significant positive effect, and LDR have no significant effect.

Based on the above conclusions, this article gives following suggestions: firstly, introduce the institution investors and optimize the equity concentration. Then perfect the supervision mechanism, and take advantage of the small and medium-sized stock owners.

Keyword: listed bank; owner structure; performance

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 导论 1

1.1选题背景与意义 1

1.2研究方法及框架 2

1.3 创新与不足 3

第二章 文献综述 4

2.1股权结构与上市公司 4

2.2股权结构与上市银行 5

第三章 变量描述与研究假设 7

3.1变量的选取 7

3.2研究假设 11

3.3统计性分析 12

第四章 实证分析 16

4.1变量的相关性检验 16

4.2模型决定 17

4.4回归及实证结果分析 18

第五章 研究结论及政策建议 23

5.1研究结论 23

5.2政策建议 24

主要参考文献 26

致谢 27

第一章 导论

1.1选题背景与意义

银行在社会里充当着信用及支付结算中介,创造信用流通工具,提供着多种金融服务,是现代金融体系的核心,如果银行体系出现了危机,金融体系也必会收到牵连,导致严重的危机。20世纪末,东亚金融危机的爆发使得多个亚洲国家经济受到重创。21世纪初,从美国开始的全球金融危机,蔓延到多个欧洲国家,也带来重大的经济灾难和主权债务危机。两次危机中,银行都未逃出危机的漩涡,并且银行的公司治理机制的缺陷在此次危机中暴露无遗,也可以说,在一定程度上,银行的治理缺陷促使了危机的发生。这印证了银行经营与金融体系稳定性的紧密联系,证明了商业银行的经营状况不仅要关系它们自身的的运作发展,而且对国民经济的健康运作也有极大的影响。

因为股权结构在公司治理里面是最基本的部分,也是绩效的一个重要影响因素。银行绩效是其竞争力的综合体现与其经营中心,好的绩效不仅可以帮助银行抵御风险、提高竞争力,对于国家经济发展也有着举足轻重的作用。因为银行的高风险、高负债、资金流充足、无实物资产流转等特点,使得它不同于其他行业,而我国商业银行成长于计划经济时代,并且经历了股份制度改革浪潮,它的股权结构也与欧美等发达国家银行有异。

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