金银核壳纳米材料的合成及其在有机磷农药检测中的应用

 2022-03-11 09:03

论文总字数:25873字

摘 要

过氧化氢是一种强氧化剂,对食品能起到漂白,防腐和除臭的效果。我国食品添加剂使用标准GB2760-2011中允许食品级过氧化氢在食品生产中作为加工助剂使用,但在制成成品前应该清除,如果清除不完全应严格控制在规定的范围内。食品中残留的过氧化氢和非法添加工业过氧化氢对人体有严重的危害。过氧化氢能加速人老化,导致癌症等。对检测食品中过氧化氢的残留,必须选择可以痕量检测的方法,精确度要极高,并且根据食品安全中对过氧化氢的限制来判断是否超标,若方法不能精确定量分析,则会造成食品中过氧化氢超标却未被查出,为黑心的商家提供了机会,对广大消费者的安全造成极大隐患,尤其过氧化氢乳制品中做防腐或漂白剂,而牛奶、奶粉是需求很大的,受众面很广,从婴幼儿到中老年人,都会摄入乳制品来提高机体营养需要,若对其安全监测的要求降低,不仅是对这一代人的健康造成伤害,更是对下一代,我们的子孙,我们祖国的未来的伤害,造成的后果不堪设想,所以提高对食品中过氧化氢以及其他各种添加剂的检测水平是极迫切的。

纳米材料,因其特殊的尺寸及结构组成表现出与常规材料截然不同的光、电、热、化学和力学性能,并具有许多独特的效应,包括量子尺寸效应、微小尺寸效应、表面效应、介电限域效应等。正因如此,纳米材料已经广泛应用于电子、化工、轻工、纺织、军事、医学等领域其中。金纳米材料具有优异的光学性质、催化活性和生物相容性,加之合成方法简单丰富,因此金纳米材料的合成方法和性质研究对于纳米材料的基础理论研究及其实际应用都具有十分重要的意义。大量的研究表明,金纳米材料的性质受到其形貌、尺寸和表面组成的强烈影响。这一特性反过来为我们获得种类丰富、性质可控的金纳米材料提供了可能性。金纳米复合材料作为纳米材料的分支之一,具有较好的生物相容性,大的比表面积,优秀的导电性能以及较好的光学性质。

目前,有报道的过氧化氢的检测方法有多种,主要是化学滴定法、分光光度法、高效液相色谱法、化学发光法、荧光光度法、电化学分析法等。其中,比色法由于其简单易于操作而受到广泛关注。本实验通过种子生长法合成银包金纳米核壳粒子,并利用其独特的光学性质以及H2O2对银包金纳米核壳粒子表面银离子的氧化,构建检测过氧化氢的比色传感器。具体过程如下:首先,以thiol-PEG修饰的金纳米粒子作为晶种,生长法合成银包金纳米核壳粒子。在还原剂抗坏血酸的作用下,Ag 还原成Ag粒子沉积在金表面,随着银层的增长,颜色从红色变为黄色最后变为灰色,银的特征峰亦随之增长。然后,对过氧化氢进行检测。由于过氧化氢具有氧化性,可以将银包金纳米核壳粒子表面的银离子还原为Ag。利用过氧化氢对银层的刻蚀作用,改变金纳米表面银层的厚度,随着过氧化氢浓度的增加,银层变薄,颜色由黄色退为红色,银的特征峰亦随之降低。通过检测吸光度的变化以及观察反应前后体系颜色的变化,构建快速灵敏检测过氧化氢的方法。

关键词:过氧化氢,比色法,纳米材料,银包金纳米微粒

Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant, food can play bleach, antiseptic and deodorizing effects. Use of standards for food additives GB2760-2011 permitted food grade hydrogen peroxide in food production as a processing aid used, but should be removed before the finished products, if not entirely clear should be strictly controlled within a predetermined range. Hydrogen peroxide residues in food and industrial illegally added hydrogen peroxide serious harm to the human body. Hydrogen peroxide can accelerate human aging, leading to cancer.

Nano-materials, because of their special dimensions and structures exhibit optical, electrical, thermal, chemical and mechanical properties of conventional materials very different, and has many unique effects, including quantum size effect, small size effect, surface effect, medium electrical confinement effects. For this reason, nano-materials have been widely used in electronics, chemicals, light industry, textile, military, medical, etc. therein. Gold nano-composite materials as one of the branches of gold material, has good biocompatibility, large specific surface area, good electrical conductivity.

At present, there are many methods for the detection of hydrogen peroxide, such as chemical titration, spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography, chemiluminescence, fluorescence spectrometry, electrochemical analysis and so on. Among them, the colorimetric method is widely concerned because of its simple and easy to operate. This paper intends to synthesize silver core-shell gold, using colorimetric method for rapid and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide.

Keywords: hydrogen peroxide, colorimetry, nanomaterials, gold package silver nanoparticles

目录

摘 要................................................................................................................................2

Abstract.......................................................................................................................3

第1章 绪论.......................................................................................................................4

1.1 课题研究背景及意义..................................................................................................5

1.2 过氧化氢简介.............................................................................................................6

1.3 现有检测方法.............................................................................................................7

1.3.1 化学滴定法.............................................................................................................8

1.3.2 电化学法.................................................................................................................8

1.3.3 分光光度法.............................................................................................................9

1.3.4 色谱法....................................................................................................................9

1.3.5 化学发光法............................................................................................................10

1.3.6荧光光度法.............................................................................................................10

第2章 纳米材料概述........................................................................................................11

2.1纳米材料的理化性质.................................................................................................12

2.2纳米材料的制备........................................................................................................12

2.3纳米材料的应用........................................................................................................14

第3章 金银核壳纳米材料的合成及在过氧化氢检测中的应用...........................................16

3.1 前言..........................................................................................................................16

3.2实验部分....................................................................................................................16

3.3结果与讨论................................................................................................................17

3.4实验小结....................................................................................................................21

参考文献.....................................................................22

致谢.........................................................................23

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