论文总字数：33243字
摘 要
随着社会经济的发展和相关法律法规的完善，污水处理量日益扩大，污水处理副产物剩余污泥的量也随之增长。污泥脱水减量有利于缩减后续处理过程的储存空间、能耗和运输成本，故而确立经济高效的污泥减量技术对污泥处理处置而言是极为重要的。蛭弧菌类生物在自然界中分布广泛、对宿主菌的裂解具有高效性和非特异性且对人类等哺乳动物细胞无裂解能力，预示着其在污泥生物减量上的强大潜力。因为污水处理厂提标改造的要求，在污水处理过程中，会投加PAC（聚合氯化铝）辅助除磷，故需明确PAC对蛭弧菌裂解污泥的影响。
本文对污泥中蛭弧菌的分离、纯化与富集之后，通过裂解实验筛选出高效裂解的菌株；同时研究除磷剂聚合氯化铝（PAC）对蛭弧菌裂解污泥效果的影响，并设计污泥生物裂解中试反应装置以进行中试研究，研究污泥生物裂解处理对脱水性能的影响及脱水效果最佳运行工况条件，获得以下主要结论：
（1）分离纯化筛选出7株能够高效裂解污泥且适合实际应用的蛭弧菌。
（2）虽然聚合氯化铝（PAC）对纯菌培养下的蛭弧菌有毒害作用，但是其对污泥生裂解脱水减量无明显影响。原因是PAC的絮凝作用下PAC与污泥结合形成絮体，使得PAC中铝多为毒害低的有机态铝，毒害大的溶解态铝的浓度较低，因而污泥中的蛭弧菌没有受到明显的毒害。蛭弧菌裂解作用和PAC的投加对污泥活性无明显影响。此外，PAC的存在会降低污泥中溶解态的氮磷含量，但对COD的溶出没有明显影响。氮磷含量降低的原因可能是PAC的絮凝作用和除磷作用。蛭弧菌的作用下，污泥LB-EPS的含量降低了，从而提高了的脱水性能。PAC浓度越高，LB-EPS含量越高，但投加PAC的实验组的CST值变化趋势与无PAC的实验组无明显差异，这可能是PAC的絮凝作用抵消了LB-EPS增加带来的负面影响。蛭弧菌的作用和PAC的浓度变化对TB-EPS的含量没有明显影响。
（3）污泥生物裂解技术的脱水效率高于使用化学药剂阳离子聚丙烯酰胺。目前最佳的工况条件是投加浓度为8.71×1011 pfu/ m3污泥的蛭弧菌C3与MLSS为16840±10 mg/L的污泥反应24h后压滤，压滤后泥饼含水率为65.7±0.2%。
关键词：污泥脱水减量；噬菌型蛭弧菌；聚合氯化铝；中试实验
ABSTRACT
With the development of social economy and the improvement of relevant laws and regulations, the scale of sewage treatment is expanding, and the amount of sewage treatment by-products——excess sludge is also increasing. The sludge dewatering reduction is conducive to reducing the storage space, energy consumption and transportation cost of the subsequent treatment process. Therefore, it is vital toestablish a cost-effective sludge reduction technology. Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms are widely distributed in nature. Besides,they are highly efficient and non-specific for the lysis of host bacteria, and have no cleavage ability to mammalian cells such as humans. These characteristics indicat their strong potential in sludge bioreduction. For the requirement of the wastewater treatment plants to improve the effluent water quality, PAC (polyaluminum chloride) will be added to assist phosphorus removal in the sewage treatment process, so it is necessary to clarify the influence of PAC on the cracking sludge of Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms.
In this paper, after separation, purification and enrichment of Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms in sludge, high-efficiency pyrolysis strains were screened by lysis experiments. At the same time, the impact of PAC on the cracking effect of Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms is researched ,and the biocracking pilot study of municipal sludge using a self-designed sludge bioreactor reactor is conducted to investigate the effect of sludge biocracking on sludge dewatering performance and the best operating conditions. The following main conclusions were obtained:
(1) 7 strains of Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms which can efficiently lyse sludge and is suitable for practical application were separated from sludge and purified.
(2) Although PAC is toxic to Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms under pure bacterial culture, it has no significant effect on sludge dewatering. The reason is that the sludge combines with PAC, so that the aluminum in the PAC is mostly organic aluminum with low toxicity, and the concentration of dissolved aluminum with high toxicity is low, so the Bdellovibrio-and-like organism in the sludge is not obviously poisoned. Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms and PAC had no significant effect on sludge activity. In addition, the presence of PAC reduces the dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in the sludge, but has no significant effect on the dissolution of COD. The reason for the decrease in nitrogen and phosphorus content may be the flocculation and phosphorus removal of PAC. The action of Bdellovibrio-and-like organism reduces the content of LB-EPS, thereby improving the dewatering performance. The higher the PAC concentration is, the higher the LB-EPS content will be, but the change of CST value of the experimental group with PAC was not significantly different from that of the experimental group without PAC. The flocculation of PAC may counteract the negative effects of increased LB-EPS. The effect of Bdellovibrio-and-like organism and the concentration of PAC had no significant effect on the concentration of TB-EPS.
(3) The biological sludge dewatering technology has higher dewatering efficiency than CPAM. At present, the strain C3 with a concentration of 8.71×1011 pfu/m3 sludge and the sludge with MLSS of 16840±10 mg/L aremixed and reacted for 24 hours is the best working condition, and the moisture content of the cake after pressure filtration is 65.7 ± 0.2%.
KEY WORDS:sludge dewatering reduction;Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms;polyaluminium chloride;pilot tests
目 录
摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………..…Ⅱ
第一章绪论 1
1.1 课题背景 1
1.2污泥脱水减量概述 1
1.2.1污泥脱水的难点 1
1.2.2污泥脱水减量技术概述 1
1.3蛭弧菌类生物简介 3
1.3.1蛭弧菌裂解机理 3
1.3.2 蛭弧菌的应用 3
1.4除磷剂 4
1.4.1投加除磷剂的原因 4
1.4.2聚合氯化铝（PAC）简介 4
1.5研究内容和意义 5
1.5.1研究目的与意义 5
1.5.2主要研究内容 5
1.5.3研究技术路线 6
第二章实验材料与指标检测方法 7
2.1实验材料 7
2.1.1实验样品来源 7
2.1.2主要试剂 7
2.1.3主要仪器 8
2.1.4培养基和相关溶液的配制 9
2.2指标及测定方法 9
2.2.1蛭弧菌浓度 9
2.2.2毛细吸水时间 10
2.2.3 SCOD溶出率 10
2.2.4胞外聚合物（EPS） 10
2.2.5污泥中溶解态总铝浓度 11
2.2.6污泥泥饼含水率 11
第三章 蛭弧菌的分离、纯化和筛选 12
3.1实验方法 12
3.1.1宿主菌悬液的制备 12
3.1.2蛭弧菌的分离 12
3.1.3蛭弧菌的纯化 12
3.1.4高效裂解蛭弧菌的筛选 12
3.2实验结果与分析讨论 13
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