企业年金发展与税收优惠政策

 2023-04-23 07:04

论文总字数:23448字

摘 要

作为一个发展中国家,我国伴随着日趋严重的老龄化现象,我国的养老保险压力也越来越大,作为养老保障体系的重要支柱的企业年金必须被重视起来。与此同时,企业年金在国外发展得较为成功也是有目共睹的,我国对于企业年金的发展应当尽快重视起来。从二十世纪九十年代的补充养老保险的试行到2000年补充养老保险规范成企业年金,我国的企业年金模式是在不断进步的,但是其发展速度并不尽如人意,与我国的经济发展水平并不相符。其中,缺乏相关的税收优惠政策是一个很大的影响因素,不完善的税收优惠政策没能充分调动我国员工对企业年金的积极性。由此看来,对我国的企业年金和税收优惠模式进行研究和探讨是很有必要的。

本文主要研究的是企业年金发展问题和相关的税收优惠政策,对于相关的概念和基本理论知识先进行认知并且分析,然后对发达国家已经较为成熟的企业年金模式及其税收优惠政策进行了解,最后对我国的企业年金和税收优惠政策进行了解和剖析本文运用实证分析法、个案研究法和定量研究法对论文相关问题进行解释,结合实际阐述问题。在对国际上的企业年金税收模式进行研究时,重点关注日本,美国等个体案例,在对相关数据进行假设和解释时,对数据进行定量分析。

通过对企业年金相关知识的了解,对发达国家企业年金模式的探究和我国企业年金税收优惠模式的现状的剖析,本人发现EET模式目前在国际上占据主导地位,而之前我国的企业年金税收模式则较为模糊,只是在近年才确定采用EET模式。为了使这种主导模式迅速融入到我国的企业年金计划当中,我国的税制必须加快完善,后续工作必须尽快跟上。在制定合理的税收优惠政策的同时,要建立配套的监管制度,让我国的企业年金税收优惠政策能够顺利的实施和开展。

关键词:企业年金;EET模式;税收模式;税收优惠政策

The Development of Enterprise Annuity and Tax Incentives

Abstract

As a developing country, China along with the growing phenomenon of aging and increasing pressure of pension insurance. As an important pillar of the pension system, annuity must be paid more attention. At the same time, as the successful development of enterprise annuity abroad is an indisputable fact, therefore China must accelerate the development of enterprise annuity. From the 1990s’ Supplementary pension insurance to the 2000 year’s specification of annuity, the domestic annuity model is in a constant progress. However, its growth rate is not satisfactory and not consistent with the level of economic development of China. Among them, the lack of tax incentives is a big influencing factor. Imperfect tax incentives failed to fully mobilize our employees’ enthusiasm of annuity. Seen in this light, the research and exploration of our annuity and tax incentives is drastically necessary.

This thesis research is the development of enterprise annuity issues and related tax incentives. Firstly, I would analysis related concepts and basic theoretical knowledge, then learning about the more mature annuity model and tax incentives of the developed countries. Finally, I would understand and analyze domestic annuity and tax incentives. This article mainly use the empirical analysis, case studies and quantitative methods to explain issues related to the thesis, and then expound the actual problem. When research on enterprise annuity tax model internationally, This article focus on Japan, the United States and other individual cases. When explaining the relevant assumptions and interpretation of data, author quantified data, to facilitate understanding and calculations.

Through the learning and understanding of annuity, the exploration of developed countries’ annuity model and the analysis of the status of China"s enterprise annuity tax incentives mode, I found EET model currently dominant in the international arena. And our annuity revenue model is vague in the past, only recently identified using the EET model. To make this model be quickly integrated into our corporate pension plans, our tax system must be accelerated and improved. Meanwhile, the follow-up work must be kept up as soon as possible. While the development of rational tax incentives, the regulatory system should be established, allowing our enterprise annuity tax incentives can be smoothly implemented and carried out.

Keywords: Enterprise annuity; EET mode; Tax mode; Tax incentives

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 2

1.1 研究背景 2

1.2 研究的意义 2

1.3 研究思路及内容 2

1.4 论文框架 3

第二章 文献综述 4

2.1年金的释义 4

2.2 企业年金政策与模式 4

2.3 优惠政策中的问题 4

第三章 企业年金的含义与历程 6

3.1 企业年金的有关概念 6

3.1.1 企业年金的定义和本质 6

3.1.2 企业年金的税收模式 6

3.2 企业年金建立的分支结构 7

3.2.1 企业年金在企业中的必要性 7

3.2.2 个人的生命周期 7

3.3企业年金的发展历程 7

3.3.1 补充养老保险阶段 7

3.3.2 企业年金发展阶段 8

第四章 企业年金税收优惠政策分析 9

4.1 企业年金税收优惠政策所依据的相关理论 9

4.1.1 企业年金的存在的外部性 9

4.1.2 次优税制的相关理论 10

4.1.3 企业年金计划在新自由主义阶段的理论依据 10

4.2 税收优惠政策对于企业年金的影响 10

4.3 税收优惠的不同模式 11

第五章 国外的企业年金税收模式比较 13

4.1 美国的企业年金税收模式及401K税收计划 13

4.1.1 美国的税收和年金计划型式 13

4.1.2 美国企业年金计划的影响 13

4.2日本的企业年金税收模式及税收优惠 13

4.2.1 日本的企业年金税收模式 13

4.2.2 日本企业年金税收优惠政策 14

4.3英国的企业年金税收优惠与税收模式 14

4.3.1 英国采用的企业年金税收模式 14

4.3.2 英国税收优惠政策的影响 14

第六章 我国企业年金税收优惠政策现状和问题 15

6.1 我国的企业年金税收模式现状 15

6.2 我国企业年金存在的问题 15

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