不同散射辐射比例对草莓光合特性影响研究

 2022-01-20 12:01

论文总字数:21474字

目 录

摘要: 1

Abstract: 2

1 引言 3

2 材料与方法 4

2.1 植物材料和生长条件 4

2.2 测量和收获 4

2.2.1 果实产量和作物形态特征的测量 4

2.2.2 作物隔间内光分布测量 5

2.2.3 叶片光合作用光响应曲线和气孔导度的测量 5

2.2.4 比叶重测量 5

2.2.5 叶绿素荧光测量 5

2.2.6 叶绿素含量测量 6

2.2.7 叶片解剖结构观察 6

2.2.8 统计分析 6

3 结果 6

3.1 不同散射辐射比例下草莓的宏观形态指标 6

3.2 不同散射辐射比例下草莓的光合指标 10

3.3 不同散射辐射比例下草莓的叶绿素含量 13

3.4 不同散射辐射比例下草莓的叶绿素荧光参数 14

3.5 不同散射辐射比例下草莓的比叶重 15

3.6 不同散射辐射比例下草莓的叶片解剖特征 15

3.7 不同散射辐射比例下草莓果实产量与品质 16

4 讨论 18

5 结论 20

参考文献: 20

致谢 23

不同散射辐射比例对草莓光合特性影响研究

邢建平

, China

Abstract: Due to the difference of environmental conditions (such as light intensity), the utilization efficiency of scattered light and direct light is different among plants. The influence of different proportions of scattered radiation on plant growth is not clear. In this experiment, the strawberry variety “Fengxiang Strawberry” was studied. From April to May 2018, different proportions of scattered radiation were performed at Nanjing University of Information Technology (10%, 20%, and 50% of direct light was converted into scattered light). The effects of different scattered radiation ratios on the photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry were studied. The photoresponse curve, chlorophyll fluorescence, specific leaf weight, leaf anatomical characteristics, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic characteristics of strawberry leaves under different light scattering ratios were determined. Color difference and other indicators. The results showed that when the light intensity was the same, the photosynthetic efficiency of the plant increased with the proportion of scattered radiation, and the crown width, palisade tissue thickness and specific leaf weight increased; the plants used scattered light more effectively than direct light, and the proportion of scattered radiation was higher. The fruit color is more vivid and the fruit is colored in advance; and when the proportion of scattered radiation is high, the photosynthesis promotion ability of the plant is stronger.

Key words: scattered radiation ratio; photosynthesis; strawberry; light intensity; scattered light

1 引言

草莓(Fragaria × ananassa Duch),多年生草本植物,原产南美,中国各地及欧洲等地广为栽培。草莓是一种喜光耐阴型植物。营养价值和经济价值高,含有多种营养物质,且有保健功效,由于其色泽和香味备受消费者青睐[1]

光是植物生长最重要的因素[2],由直射光和散射光两个部分组成。直射光是从太阳直射到达地面,没有被散射。散射光源于大气中分子或较大粒子对太阳光的散射,可同时来自多个方向。Goudriaan等[3]认为光的分布中光的方向尤为重要。大量研究表明,植物利用散射光比直接光照更有效[4],光的散射辐射比例严重影响作物光合生理特性、果实品质等。

正如MonsiM等[5]得出的朗伯-比尔定律所描述的那样,光强度通常从顶部到底部呈指数级下降。Spitters等[6]认为植物有很高的叶面积指数,并通过上面的叶子(阳叶)截取大量的光,而在特定的冠层深度,中叶和下叶(阴叶)是有阴影的,因此不能够接受直射光。散射光穿透性强[7]。因此,当光散射时,阴叶将平均接收更多的光强度。这种现象是由于散射光的特性在多个方向上散射,从而导致阴影减少,而直接光线集中在光束中或在树冠上投射阴影,这导致上部叶片被明亮照亮并且下部叶片在阴影中,或在特定树冠深处有强烈的阳光斑点。如果上面的叶子能拦截较少的入射光,而中间和下部的叶子比例更大,那么作物就会受益,这样就能在树叶上实现更均匀的光拦截。由于叶片光合作用对光强度曲线的响应,在冠层中较均匀的光分布是有利的。此外,增加散射/直射比率导致在植物冠层上方的时间光分布的变化较小,这也可能起到改善作物RUE的作用[8],也导致农作物冠层的水平和时间光分布比直射光更均匀[9]。在冠层的水平剖面上,由于较少的光斑点发生,散射光也导致更均匀的光分布[10]

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