无线通信系统物理层安全技术研究

论文总字数：36093字

摘 要

安全是无线网络的关键问题。相比于基于逐比特的加密技术，物理层安全技术能够减少计算机的复杂度和保障计算机安全带来的能耗。本文主要对无线通信系统物理层安全技术进行研究，重点研究窃听者发起导频欺骗的主动攻击的情况，主要内容如下：

1. 研究了随机训练辅助（Random-Training-Assisted，RTA）导频欺骗攻击检测算法。通过分析导频训练阶段和随机训练阶段的信道估计差异来检测导频欺骗攻击，对不同导频欺骗功率、导频/随机位位数、发射器天线数和窃听器数量等情况下的正确检测概率进行仿真，结果显示随机训练辅助导频欺骗检测算法对于多输入单输出（MISO）窃听系统能够实现精确的导频欺骗检测。
2. 研究了能量比检测器（Energy Ratio Detector, ERD）导频欺骗攻击检测算法。通过分析导频欺骗攻击时发射器和合法接收器收到的信号功率级之比来检测导频欺骗攻击。对不同导频欺骗功率、样本数、发射器天线数等情况下的正确检测概率进行仿真，结果显示能量比检测器在不使用合法信道和非法信道的信道状态信息（CSI）的情况下能够对导频欺骗进行准确检测。

关键词：物理层安全，导频欺骗，随机训练辅助，能量比

Abstract

Security is a key concern of wireless networks. Physical layer security can reduce the complexity of computers and the energy consumption to ensure computer security compared with the bit-by-bit encryption technology. In this thesis, the physical layer security technology for wireless communication system, especially the pilot spoofing attack of the active eavesdropping is investigated. The main contents are as follows:

1. Random-training-assisted pilot spoofing detection algorithm is investigated. The pilot spoofing attacks are detected by analyzing the difference of channel estimation between the pilot training phase and random training phase. The detection performance under different spoofing power, pilot/random bits, number of transmitter antennas and number of eavesdroppers etc is simulated. Simulation results show that the random-training-assisted pilot spoofing detection algorithm can achieve accurate detection.
2. Energy ratio detector of pilot spoofing attacks is investigated. The pilot spoofing attacks are detected by analyzing the ratio of power levels of the received signals by the transmitter and the legitimate receivers in pilot spoofing attacks. The detection performance under different spoofing power, sample numbers and transmitter antenna numbers etc is simulated. Simulation results show that the energy ratio detector performs well.

KEY WORDS: Physical Layer Security, Pilot Spoofing, Random-training-assisted, Energy Ratio

目 录

摘要.......................................................................................................................................... I

Abstract................................................................................................................................... II

第1章 绪论............................................................................................................................ 1

• 1. 课题研究背景与意义............................................................................................... 1
  2. 物理层安全的研究现状........................................................................................... 1

1.2.1物理层安全编码........................................................................................ 1

1.2.2 大规模MIMO........................................................................................... 3

1.2.3 毫米波通信............................................................................................... 3

1.2.4 异构网络................................................................................................... 4

1.2.5 非正交多址接入技术（NOMA）........................................................... 5

1.2.6 全双工技术............................................................................................... 6

• 1. 本文的研究内容和结构安排................................................................................... 6

第2章 随机训练辅助（RTA）导频欺骗检测算法............................................................ 7

2.1 引言......................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 系统模型................................................................................................................. 8

2.2.1 无欺骗信道估计和波束形成.................................................................... 9

2.2.2 导频欺骗攻击的影响................................................................................ 10

2.3 随机训练辅助导频欺骗检测................................................................................. 11

2.3.1 导频阶段.................................................................................................... 12

2.3.2 随机阶段.................................................................................................... 13

2.3.3 导频欺骗探测器及其性能........................................................................ 15

2.3.4 随机阶段的窃听者攻击............................................................................ 17

2.4 仿真结果与分析..................................................................................................... 19

2.5 本章小结................................................................................................................. 27

第3章 基于能量比的导频欺骗攻击检测算法.................................................................... 28

3.1 引言......................................................................................................................... 28

3.2 系统模型................................................................................................................. 28

3.3 仿真结果与分析..................................................................................................... 38

3.4 本章小结................................................................................................................. 40

第4章 总结与展望................................................................................................................ 41

4.1 全文总结................................................................................................................. 41

4.2 研究展望................................................................................................................. 42

致谢.......................................................................................................................................... 43

参考文献.................................................................................................................................. 44

第1章 绪论

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