论文总字数：30595字

摘 要

超疏水涂层具有优良的疏水、自清洁、防污和防霜抗冻性能，在日常生活、生物医疗及工业生产等领域潜在着广泛的应用前景。但涂层受外力磨擦、冲击或化学药品腐蚀后，表面粗糙几何结构易被破坏，同时低表面能物质也难以保留，使其失去超疏水能力，从而限制了实际应用，因此提高超疏水涂层的机械耐久性和耐腐蚀性能，对该涂层的实际应用具有重要意义。本文采用底面复合法，开展了底漆配方和制备工艺研究，以提高超疏水涂层的耐磨性、化学耐久性、附着力和硬度。

采用疏水气相纳米SiO₂和异构十六烷对两种共混树脂进行掺杂，制备出高耐磨底漆，采用两步法喷涂制备了底面复合型高耐磨超疏水涂层。研究了底漆树脂配方和添加剂种类及含量对涂层耐磨性的影响，结果表明，当双组分聚氨酯/FEVE氟碳树脂（PU/FEVE）共混树脂体系中添加10%疏水气相纳米SiO₂或50%异构十六烷时，涂层在常温300g力作用下，经摩擦磨损试验600次以上，接触角大于140°，滚动角小于40°，显示了优异的耐磨性。

对涂层的喷涂工艺进行了优化，确定了合理的疏水气相纳米SiO₂的半固化时间和异构十六烷的预热温度及时间。结果表明，喷涂PU/FEVE/疏水气相纳米SiO₂体系底漆后，半固化90-120s；喷涂PU/FEVE/异构十六烷体系底漆后，在110-120℃下加热90-120s，可使涂层耐磨性进一步提高。

对两种耐磨性能良好的超疏水涂层其它相关性能进行了表征。结果显示，PU/FEVE/疏水气相纳米SiO₂体系附着力为1级；硬度为8H；可耐2500ml水自30cm高度以2m/s连续冲击；pH=7溶液浸泡17d不失效，pH=1溶液浸泡9d不失效。PU/FEVE/异构十六烷体系附着力为3-4级；硬度为3-4H；可耐900ml水自30cm高度以2m/s连续冲击；pH=7溶液浸泡20d不失效，pH=1溶液浸泡12d不失效，pH=13溶液浸泡9d不失效。表明该两种涂层在实际工作环境中保证优异耐磨性的同时，还具备良好的附着力、硬度和化学耐久性。

关键词：树脂粘接，耐磨，超疏水涂层，造孔，粗糙化

Abstract

The superhydrophobic coating has excellent hydrophobicity, self-cleaning, anti-fouling, anti-frost and anti-freezing properties, and has potential applications in daily life, biomedical and industrial production. However, after the coating is subjected to external friction, impact or chemical corrosion, the surface roughness geometry is easily destroyed, and the low surface energy substance is also difficult to retain, so that it loses the superhydrophobic ability, thereby limiting the practical application, thereby improving the superhydrophobic coating. The mechanical durability and corrosion resistance are of great significance for the practical application of the coating. In this paper, the undercoating formulation and preparation process were studied by the topcoating-undercoating composite method to improve the wear resistance, chemical durability, adhesion and hardness of the superhydrophobic coating.

The two kinds of blended resins were doped with hydrophobic gas phase SiO₂ NPs and isomeric hexadecane (isoper-M) to prepare a high wear-resistant undercoating. The topcoating-undercoating composite high wear-resistant superhydrophobic coating was prepared by two-step spraying. The effects of undercoating resin formulation and additive type and content on the wear resistance of the coating were studied. The results showed that when 10% SiO₂ NPs or 50% isoper-M was added to the two-component polyurethane/FEVE fluorocarbon resin (PU/FEVE) blend resin system, contact angle of the the coating can still arrive140° and the rolling angle is less then 40°， after more than 600 cycles friction under the action of 300g force at normal temperature, which showing excellent wear resistance.

The spraying process of the coating was optimized to determine the reasonable half-cure time and the preheating temperature and time of the isomeric hexadecane. The results show that after spraying PU/FEVE/SiO₂ NPs system undercoating, it should be semi-cured for 90-120s; after spraying PU/FEVE/isomeric hexadecane system primer, it should be heated at 110-120 °C for 90-120s. The coating wear resistance is further improved.

Other related properties of two superhydrophobic coatings with good wear resistance were characterized. The results show that PU/FEVE/ SiO₂ NPs system has 1 grade adhesion; its hardness is 8H; it can withstand 2500ml water continuous impacting at 2m/s from 30cm height; it can soak in a solution of pH=7 for 17 days; it can soak in a solution of pH=1 for 9 days. PU/FEVE/isoper-M has 3-4 grade adhesion; its hardness is 3-4H; it can withstand 900ml water continuous impacting at 2m/s from 30cm height; it can soak in a solution of pH=7 for 20 days; it can soak in a solution of pH=1 for 12 days; it can soak in a solution of pH=13 for 9 days. It shows that the two coatings have excellent wear resistance, good adhesion, hardness and chemical durability in the actual working environment.

KEY WORDS: resin adhesive, wear-resistance，superhydrophobic coating, pore-forming，roughen

目 录

东南大学毕业（设计）论文独创性声明 I

摘 要 II

Abstract III

目 录 V

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 自然界的超疏水现象 1

1.2 润湿性理论 1

1.2.1 超疏水的定义 1

1.2.2 表面润湿性模型 3

1.3 超疏水材料的应用 4

1.3.1 自清洁 4

1.3.2 油水分离 4

1.3.3 防水 5

1.4 超疏水表面制备方法 5

1.4.1 刻蚀法 5

1.4.2 溶胶-凝胶法 6

1.4.3 气相沉积法 6

1.4.4 电泳沉积法 7

1.4.5 静电纺丝法 7

1.5 常规超疏水材料的局限性 8

1.6 耐磨超疏水表面制备思路 8

1.6.1 选用机械强度高的耐磨材料 8

1.6.2 构筑微米纳米分级结构 9

1.6.3 增强涂层与材料基底的附着力 9

1.6.4 制备可修复性的超疏水表面 9

1.7 耐磨超疏水表面的制备方法 9

1.7.1 底面合一法 9

1.7.2 底面复合法 10

1.8 研究背景与研究内容 10

1.8.1 研究背景 10

1.8.2 研究内容 10

第二章 实验方案与测试方法 12

2.1 实验原料和实验设备 12

2.1.1 实验主要原料 12

2.1.2 实验主要仪器设备 12

2.2 实验流程图 13

2.3.1 载玻片清洗 14

2.3.2 超疏水涂料的制备 14

2.4 高耐磨底漆方案设计 15

2.4.1 底漆成分的确定 15

2.4.2 底漆的制备步骤 15

2.4.3 预热温度和时间的确定以及底漆半固化时间的确定 16

2.4.4 高耐磨超疏水涂层的制备步骤 17

2.5 高耐磨超疏水涂层的性能测试及其表征 18

2.5.1 静态水接触角（WCA）和滚动角（SA）测定 18

2.5.2 耐磨性测试 18

2.5.3 水冲击实验 19

2.5.4 附着力测试 20

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