多组元合金化影响Al-Si合金共晶凝固行为与组织演变的实验研究

 2022-02-06 06:02

论文总字数:30650字

摘 要

A356合金中往往含有微量的Ti,即在Ti元素存在的情况下,对A356合金进行B细化以及La、B联合细化处理,而Ti与B有较强的结合力,因此研究在Ti存在的情况下,对B细化及La、B联合细化在A356合金中的细化效果进行评价,分析其微观组织以及力学性能的变化,探究B细化和La、B联合细化相对于未细化的合金而言,所得到的细化组织能否对性能有一个明显的提升。另外,还对Ti、La元素在Al-11Si合金中能否解除Sr、B毒化作用进行了研究,对Al-11Si合金的微观组织进行分析,观察其共晶Si形态的变化,同时测量其凝固曲线,来研究Ti、La解除Sr、B毒化的效果。

研究结果发现,无论是B细化,还是La、B联合细化得到的组织,其初生α-Al枝晶形态有了明显的变化,由柱状晶向规则的等轴晶转变,但此时的等轴枝晶依然很发达,二次枝晶臂清晰可见,这种形态枝晶的存在反而降低了组织的均匀性,因此经过B细化A356合金的屈服强度由未细化时的143MPa提高到204MPa,而经过La、B细化后的屈服强度提升至207MPa,但是无论是B细化还是La、B联合细化,相对于未细化的合金而言,其抗拉强度和延伸率均未有明显的提升。得出的初步结论是:B细化和La、B联合细化得到的等轴化的组织(枝晶仍然很发达,二次枝晶臂清晰可见)对合金的性能没有明显的提升。而在研究Ti、La元素在Al-11Si合金中解除Sr、B毒化的实验中发现,添加Ti后,共晶Si形态由毒化时的粗大的针片状恢复为细小的纤维状,共晶形核温度与未毒化时相近,添加La后,共晶Si形态依然为粗大的针片状,相比于毒化状态只是略微有所改善共晶形核温度和毒化时相接近。结果表明Ti元素的添加明显使合金的变质效果变好,即可以说完全解除了Sr、B毒化,而La元素的添加略微使变质效果变好,即部分解除了Sr、B毒化作用。

关键词:A356合金;细化处理;变质处理;冷却曲线;共晶生长温度

Abstract

Industrial A356 alloy often contains trace amounts of Ti element ,in the case of exsiting Ti, the refinement of A356 alloy B and La, B joint refining process, and Ti and B have a strong binding force, so the research about in the case of the presence of Ti, B on refining and La, B joint refining effect in A356 alloy were evaluated, analyzed changes in their microstructure and mechanical properties, explore the B refinement and La, B joint refinement relative not in terms of the alloy to refine, refine the organization's ability to get a significantly improved performance. In addition, for Ti, La element in Al-11Si alloy can lift Sr, B poison effect has been studied on the microstructure of Al-11Si alloy was analyzed to observe the change in Si eutectic morphology, simultaneous measurement of solidification curve to study Ti, La lifting Sr, B poison effect.

   The results found that both the B refinement, or La, B joint refinement obtained organization whose primary α-Al dendrite morphology has been changed, the rules change from columnar grain equiaxed, but at this time equiaxed dendrite is still very developed, the secondary dendrite arm is clearly visible, the presence of this form of dendrites but reduces the uniformity of the organization, so through B refinement yield strength alloy A356 increased from 143MPa when not to refine 204MPa, and after La, yield strength B refinement after raised to 207MPa, but whether it is refined or B La, B joint refinement, with respect to not refined alloy, its tensile strength and elongation were have significantly improved. Preliminary conclusions are: isometric refinement of the organization B and La, B joint refinement obtained (dendrites still developed, the secondary dendrite arm clearly visible) on the properties of the alloy does not significantly improved. And Ti, La lifting element in the study in Al-11Si alloy Sr, B poison experiments found that after adding Ti, Si eutectic morphology by massive poisoning when flakiness restore the fine fibrous, co-crystal nucleation when the temperature is not poisoning are similar, after adding La, eutectic Si remained as thick flakiness, as compared to the precursor state is only slightly improved somewhat when co-crystal nucleation temperature and relative proximity poison. The results show that the addition of Ti alloy modification effect so obviously changed for the better, that can be completely lifted Sr, B poison, added La element so slightly changed for the better modification effect, which partially lifted Sr, B poisoning effect.

Key Words: A356 alloy; grain refinement; modification; the coagulation curve ; eutectic growth temperature .

目 录

摘要 ………………………………………………………………………………….I

Abstract .....................................................................................................................II

目 录

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 Al-Si-Mg三元合金 1

1.2 铝硅合金的细化 4

1.3 铝硅合金的变质 6

1.4铝硅合金中的Sr、B毒化以及La、B联合细化.............................................7

1.5课题意义.............................................................................................................7

1.6研究内容.........................................................................................................8第二章 实验方法......................................................................................................9 2.1 设计方案......................................................................................................9 2.2实验材料及成分 ............................................................................................10

2.3合金熔炼 11

2.4拉伸实验 12

2.5凝固过程的温度采集 14

第三章 实验结果分析 15

3.1 显微组织分析 18

3.2 力学性能分析 19

3.3冷却曲线的分析 22

3.4 小结 24

第四章 总结 25

参考文献 28

  1. 绪论

1.1Al-Si-Mg合金

众所周知铝硅合金因为其具有良好的铸造性能在工业的很多方面都有所应用,比如在低硅含量下(0,7%wt),合金具有很好的延展性能,可以作为变形合金来应用;而在硅含量较高时(7%wt以上),由于铝硅合金的熔体熔点相对较低,流动性好,熔体能很好地填充模具,补充在铸造时产生的收缩,因此常用作铸造合金;除此之外,铝硅合金中还会添加一些其他元素来改善合金的综合力学性能,如Cu、Fe、Mg、Zn等。随着汽车工业的高速发展,工业对于铝硅合金的需求量也就越来越大,比如汽车的汽缸和活塞都需要用到这种合金,航空航天中某些零部件对材料的高性能要求,铝硅合金能满足这种需求,因此对于这些合金的性能要求很高,要求高的硬度、强度,热膨胀系数低,良好的耐磨性和耐腐蚀性等等,而铝硅合金的二元体系很难达到这些要求。因为为了要求合金获得这些高性能,理论上可以添加硅含量,但是随着硅含量的提高,组织中会产生大量的粗大的片状的初生硅,会大大降低恶化合金的性能。在Al-Si合金中添加Mg元素,会在熔体中与Si形成Mg2Si,形成的Mg2Si相就可以提高合金的强度、硬度,还可以降低热膨胀系数。而且Mg的密度为1.74g/cm3,比Al的密度(2.69/cm3)和Si的密度(2.34/cm3)都小,因此Mg的添加也可以达到轻量化合金,符合现代工业的使用需求。而A356合金是一种典型的Al-Si-Mg三元系合金,硅含量在6.5%-7.5%左右,而且合金本身的流动性能好,收缩性和热裂倾向小,具有良好的耐磨性、腐蚀性和导热性,是现在铝合金中应用很广泛的一种合金类型。

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