D学校食堂原材料采购库存成本控制

 2022-03-02 09:03

论文总字数:24942字

摘 要

本文主要目的在于降低D学校食堂的采购库存成本,提高D学校食堂的经济效益。采购量过多会造成库存堆积甚至是丢弃浪费,不利于成本的优化,采购量过少又会造成食堂日常运营受影响。因为本文所研究的原材料具有明显的季节变化趋势,所以建立合理的采购计划可以大大降低其采购库存总成本。首先进行实地调研得到近期内该原材料的价格数据,然后用Excel绘制散点图,观察变化趋势,剔除不具有代表性的数据。接着进行数据拟合,得到相关的时间价格函数。在原材料价格波动的基础上建立采购库存模型,并进行了最优采购批量的求解。使用Matlab软件对模型进行实际数据的求解,得到一系列的采购时间及采购批量,从而计算出总成本,并与实际总成本对比以证明模型确实具有优化作用。最后提出了在原材料采购价格波动下D学校食堂如何采取相应的优化措施,结合模型和实际情况建立采购计划,达到对D学校食堂的原材料进行合理采购管理和库存控制的目的。学校食堂采购库存管理与一般的餐饮企业不同,它不仅仅要考虑经济利益,还要为学校的教学事业服务。通过降低食堂物料采购成本以减轻中学生的生活费,可以减轻许多乡村地区不富裕的家庭的经济负担。学校食堂后勤的发展与整个学校的发展紧密联系,良好的采购库存成本控制促进了整个学校的发展,也能提高师生和学校的切实利益。

关键词:季节性变化;数据拟合;原材料采购;库存控制;采购库存模型

Raw materials procurement and inventory cost control of D school canteen

Abstract

The main purpose of this paper is to reduce the inventory cost of D school canteen, and improve the economic efficiency of D school canteen. High procurement will lead to the accumulation of inventory even waste and is not conducive to the optimization of the cost . Low purchase quantity will affect the daily operation of the canteen. Because the raw materials studied in this paper have obvious seasonal variation, so the establishment of a reasonable procurement plan can greatly reduce the total inventory cost. First of all, get the raw material price data in recent years, and then draw a scatter chart, observe the trend, excluding non representative data. Then carry on the data fitting, obtain the related time price function. On the basis of the price fluctuation of raw materials, the purchasing inventory model is established, and the optimal purchasing quantity is solved. Solving the actual data of the model by using MATLAB software ,and then receive a series of procurement time and purchase batch, so as to calculate the total cost, and to prove that the model indeed have the effect of optimization. Finally, measures to optimize under the price fluctuations of raw materials procurement will be proposed and purchasing plan according to the model and the actual situation will be established, so reasonable purchase management and inventory control will be carried on D school canteen raw materials . School canteen procurement inventory management is different from general catering business , it is not only to consider the economic benefits, but also for the school's teaching business services. By reducing the purchasing cost of the canteen materials to reduce the middle school students' living expenses, it can reduce the economic burden of many rural areas. The development of the school canteen logistics is closely related to the development of the whole school. Good purchasing inventory cost control promotes the development of the whole school, and it also can improve the practical interests of teachers, students and the school.

Key words:Seasonal variation; data fitting; raw material purchasing; inventory control; purchasing inventory model

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.3 论文主要研究内容 3

第二章 采购库存及农产品价格预测相关理论 6

2.1 采购相关概念 6

2.2 库存相关概念 9

2.3 农产品价格预测理论 12

第三章 D学校食堂原材料采购现状 16

3.1 D学校食堂采购情况 16

3.2 D学校食堂采购模式改进的重要性 16

第四章 D学校食堂原材料采购库存模型 17

4.1 D学校食堂原材料采购价格数据的采集 17

4.2 D学校食堂原材料采购价格数据的拟合 18

4.3 误差分析 19

4.4针对价格曲线波动的原材料采购库存模型的构建 20

4.5本章小结 23

第五章 D学校食堂原材料采购方案 24

5.1 D学校食堂原材料采购优化方案 24

5.2 结果检验及分析 26

5.3 本章小结 27

第六章 总结与展望 28

6.1 研究总结 28

6.2 不足与展望 28

参考文献 30

致 谢 32

第一章 绪论

1.1 研究背景及意义

对于大多数乡镇中学食堂来说,采购成本几乎可以占到其总成本的50%,由于食堂采购的很多食材都具有保质期短,价格波动大等特点,例如蔬菜经常会受到天气气候的影响,而造成蔬菜的供求受冲击,因此蔬菜价格会发生剧烈的波动。在这样的市场背景下,中学食堂却采用非常简单传统的采购管理方式,主要是根据当下的食材价格决定采购数量,例如价格低时大量买进囤货,价格高时少量购买或者停止购买。这样的采购方式缺乏明确的计划,可能会造成浪费严重、库存严重等问题。所以,合理高效的采购计划对于采购方能够获取质量和数量都合适的原材料具有举足轻重的作用。

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