物联网环境下新产品开发的流程改进和质量与发布决策

 2022-02-02 09:02

论文总字数:24926字

摘 要

近年来,物联网技术得到了高速发展,并且在很多领域都有所应用,但是却还未涉足到企业运营管理活动中来。物联网作用于产品的全生命周期中,在对产品的质量管理和质量控制方面存在着显著的效果。在物联网环境下,通过相关的物联网技术,产品的每一个部件、每一个运行过程都是可以被监控的,因此企业可以实现对消费者的更好服务:企业可以通过对产品的运行状态信息的分析,及时预测到产品可能产生的问题,这样就能够在问题暴露之前就去解决,提高消费者的满意度。本文主要选取了产品生命周期中的第一个阶段——新产品开发作为研究对象,重点探究了物联网环境对于新产品开发的流程改进以及对于企业做出新产品质量决策与发布决策的影响:首先,通过对目前新产品开发流程、以及物联网可以给新产品开发过程带来的作用的分析,提出物联网环境下的新产品开发流程,并根据对物联网环境下新产品开发流程的总结,指出物联网环境下新产品开发所具有的三大特点:质量的可监控性、概念阶段的可靠性、新产品开发周期缩短;然后,由于物联网环境可以为新产品带来一定的质量保证作用,使得消费者对于新产品的初始质量水平的关注程度有所降低,这就会为企业的质量决策和发布决策带来一定的影响,因此,本文根据效用函数来确定消费者的购买行为,并且综合考虑企业为了推出新产品而付出的所有成本、新产品可以为企业带来的收益以及新产品的推出对于企业现有产品销量的影响,通过建立数学模型的方法,以实现企业利润最大化为目标,来最终确定最优的质量决策和发布决策,并且通过对求解出来的最优值进行比较静态分析,获得了一些更具体的结论。

关键词:物联网;新产品开发;流程改进;质量

The process improvment of new product development and the quality and preannouncing decisions in the loT Environment

Abstract

In recent years, the technology of the Internet of Things(loT)has been developed rapidly. It has been used in many fields, while not in the activities of operations management. Once the technology of the Internet of things is used in the product life cycle, it will show the significant effect on quality management and quality control of product. In the loT environment, each component of the product and each running process can be monitored through relevant technology of the Internet of Things, it can help companies provide better service to their customers: companies can timely predict the problems that the product may have by analyzing the running state information of product, so they can solve the problems before they occur, and that will definitely improve customers’ satisfaction. This paper chooses new product development, which is the first phase of product life cycle, as the research object, and mainly study the process improvment of new product development in the loT environment and the quality and preannouncing decisions that the companies will make to earn the most money in the loT environment: first of all, this paper will put forward a process of new product development in the loT environment by analyzing the current new product development process and the effect the loT environment can bring to the new product development. And according to the summary of the new process, point out there are some features of new product development in the loT environment like the quality is able to monitored, the new product development cycle can be shortened, and so on. Then, because of the quality assurance that the new product will have in the loT environment, customers will pay less attention to the initial quality level of new product, and that will definitely influence the quality and preannouncing decisions that the companies will make. So this paper will use the utility function to determine the customers’ buying behavior, and consider all the incomes and expenditure when companies introduce new products as well as the sales reduction of present products when new products are introduced, to decide the best quality and preannouncing decisons that will help company maximize its profit by setting up mathematical model, and finally by doing some comparative static analysis to the optimal value, some more concrete conclusions are obtained.

Key words: the Internet of Things, new product development, process improvment, quality

目 录

摘要 I

关键词 I

Abstract II

Key words II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1研究背景及意义 1

1.2文献综述 2

1.3研究内容及文章结构 4

第二章 基本内容介绍 6

2.1 新产品开发 6

2.2物联网 6

2.2.1物联网的含义及特征 7

2.2.2物联网的典型应用 8

2.2.3物联网在产品质量管理中的作用 9

第三章 物联网环境下新产品开发的流程及特点 10

3.1传统环境下的新产品开发流程 10

3.2物联网环境下的新产品开发流程设计 12

3.3物联网环境下新产品开发的特点 14

第四章 物联网环境下新产品的质量水平和发布时间决策 16

4.1企业的角度 17

4.2消费者的角度 18

4.3模型的建立与分析 19

4.4数值实验 25

第五章 结论与展望 27

致谢..............................................................................................................................28

参考文献 29

第一章 绪论

1.1研究背景及意义

随着全球经济一体化进程的不断推进和科学技术的不断发展,各行各业的制造水平都得到了飞速的提高,再加之跨国企业纷纷涌入本地市场,造成了如今越来越激烈的市场竞争环境。面对众多的竞争对手,企业想要在竞争中存活下来,就必定要通过更好地满足消费者的需求来实现。而消费者处于完全的买方市场之中,他们拥有丰富的选择,产品的高质量与低价格都是企业可以获得他们的青睐的途径,这也是企业培养自身竞争力的传统途径。另外,随着社会的进步和经济的发展,消费者的个性化需求越来越突出,对产品更新换代的速度也有了更高的要求,消费者期待用到新的商品、创新的商品,这时,市场上的竞争者谁能够最快速地提供满足消费者需求的商品,谁就占得了市场的先机,因此,准确把握消费者需求、提高新产品推出的速度就成为了企业获取竞争优势的又一有效途径。

新产品开发是产品生命周期中的第一个阶段,它的成功与否直接关系到了企业的长远发展。当开发出来的新产品能够准确地切中消费者的需求时,就能够获得市场上的认可,为企业在市场竞争中提供正向的推进力,而如果开发出来的新产品并不能满足消费者的需求,或者存在一定的质量问题时,将会给企业带来难以估量的损失,不仅包括已投入成本的损失,还有企业的信誉损失、机会损失,等等。因此,在新产品开发阶段,对消费者需求的掌握至关重要,而在传统环境下,企业获取消费者需求时太过依赖于市场调研这一环节,不仅需要投入大量的时间和人力物力资源,而且获得的信息也往往比较有限;另外,由于传统的新产品开发流程已经演进地比较完善和成熟,如果不考虑从各个具体环节来进行优化提高资源配置率的话,新产品的开发流程已经不太容易进行突破了,因此想要提高新产品的推出速度似乎困难重重。

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