论文总字数：34851字

摘 要

电影是学生日常生活和学习的重要艺术文化活动,尤其是好莱坞英语电影在学生的日常生活中显得相当重要,学生可以通过观看好莱坞电影，以此学习英语字幕翻译,从而提高学生的英语翻译能力。以往的翻译教学过于注重学术性和机械性的教学，更多的以目的地性的功能灌输为主，学生的翻译思维得不到锻炼，不能够使得学生的翻译学习和举一反三的翻译技巧习得。因此在现如今多媒体网络应用的今天，将电影片段及语音导入多媒体中进行教学，通过在学生读完电影原生字幕或听完语音后向学生提出问题，有助于更好的提高学生对翻译学习的积极性，有益于锻炼学生的翻译思维和能力，有助于营造良好的语言环境，还有助于学生对不同语言文化的认知与理解，从而提高学生的翻译能力。

关键词：高校英语教育；电影字幕翻译的课堂导入；电影字幕翻译的技巧；未来展望

Contents

1. Introduction 1

2. Literature Review 2

3. Film Subtitle Translation and English Language Learning 4

3.1 The definition of film subtitle translation 4

3.2 Constraints of film subtitle translation 4

3.3 Equivalence theory film subtitle translation 5

4. Principles of Film Subtitle Translation Teaching and Skills 7

4.1 The importance of film subtitle translation in English learning 7

4.2 Principles of subtitle translation 8

4.3 Classic subtitle translation cases and techniques 10

5. Conclusion 12

Works Cited 14

1. Introduction

Film subtitle translation has direct relationship with language, culture, history, students can understand them through English movies, the background of English translation , and also learn the significance of English in different scenarios. Language is the historical formation of the unique structure and cultural connotation of interpersonal communication, language also includes local residents’ thinking of mythology, history, society and so on, so a simple literal translation can"t reflect the story contained in the background of deep things. Culture penetration is much deeper than language, whether in the movie screen, or the noise in the movie are likely to have a certain cultural meaning.Therefore,language,culture,history is the very element that need to be considered in the process of film subtitle translation, constitutes the main body of subtitle translation. Language, culture, history is a display of the basic elements of the plot in the movie, the story through language, culture and history to expand, to build. When students are going through English movies,they can understand the development of the plot in the film by viewing language, culture and history , at the same time, students to deeply understand the connotation of the English film, must has a profound understanding of English culture and history.Students" knowledge of English culture and history will help students have a more accurate translation of English dialogue in the film and the subtext.

Therefore, my thesis will discuss how to combine film translation teaching with English teaching based on the current situation and research results of film translation teaching. I will expound my findings from three aspects:the advantages and constraints of film subtitle translation,principles of subtitle translation and some techniques needs to be mastered in subtitle transformation.Also,I would put forward my imagination and outlook towards the future development of film subtitle translation.

Film is an important part in daily life and learning arts and cultural activities, especially excellent Hollywood movies play a crucial role in students" daily life, students can learn movie subtitle translation by Hollywood films, enhance their ability of English translation. Teachers can pick some excellent Hollywood movies as the model of English teaching, starting from the student interest, make the English learning in class more effective. More and more people begin to notice that the film itself does not only exist as a way of entertainment, it can also be used as a means of teaching in foreign language teaching.

For Chinese students, they happens to lack the opportunity to put themselves deeply into the English context. As for the introduction of film subtitle translation into classroom teaching, excellent films can be an important part through using teaching methods(Seelye 66-68).

Literature Review

Good English movie is the carrier of everything, from the western countries from various angles of history, culture, customs and social philosophy, with the rapid development of modern education technology and the popularity of multimedia teaching, using original English movies in English teaching as a medium has been accepted by many teachers and gain their recognition, this teaching method has gradually attracted the attention of many researchers. Before 2005, the number of scholars who studied English film subtitle translation teaching was small, but from 2005 to 2009, the number of scholars who studied this field increased linearly, especially from 2007 to 2009, more and more scholars began to pay attention to the development of this field, and the empirical research in this field has also been in its infancy(Qian 48-49). This paper is a summary of the research on the teaching of English film in the past five years. It tries to affirm the achievements of researchers in the process of summarizing these research results, and puts forward my own reflection, hoping to enlighten researchers in this field. At present, the quality of translation talents is constantly improved by the country and society. At the same time, the field, content, form and means of translation activities have undergone epoch-making and revolutionary changes(Liang 44-46). However, there is a certain degree of inconsistency between the training of subtitle translation professionals in colleges and universities and the ability requirements of enterprises for high-quality translation talents(Si 69). Due to the limitations of teachers and teaching conditions, the teaching of subtitle translation in class in some colleges is still dominated by traditional theoretical teaching, with insufficient practical content and class hours for students and a serious disconnection between what students have learned and the actual work content and organization form of enterprises. The great changes in the language service industry require the training of translation professionals to keep pace with the rapid development of the industry and develop towards the direction of professionalism, applicability and complexity to meet the market demand. Based on the movie translation classroom learning practice for the teaching mode, put forward to movie translation into classroom teaching at the university of new train of thought, in film subtitle translation for translation projects, translation groups as organization form, watch the movie in class fully understand the culture behind the film translation and translation skills, to better film translation and English learning together.

Given the movie subtitle translation teaching is the movie appreciation class started, the current situation of English movie appreciation is as follows: many English schools has not opened the English film appreciation for compulsory or elective courses, just in each semester, arrange students to appreciate the English original films, so the English movie appreciation course teaching method naturally didn"t get the attention it deserves. In addition, due to the lack of a set of relatively long system and scientific use appropriate English movie appreciation teaching material as a high maneuverability of the objective basis, many teachers in the teaching has great randomness on the arrangement of each link, didn"t make full preparation before class, class is just for students from the beginning to the end of films, which do not make any explanation, organize students to take any movies translation study related activities, nor assign students to the corresponding practice after class, the more there is no corresponding test method to test students" understanding of the English film. It is not difficult to see that this vivid teaching method fails to play a corresponding role in improving students" English level due to the above problems in English film classroom teaching. Therefore, it is necessary to overcome the problems in English film classroom teaching and improve this teaching method.

Film as a special artistic expression, it is different from the pure literature and photography, film subtitle translation requires students ponder contained in the language characteristics, cultural connotation and historical origin. The film subtitle translation needs to be in the movie scene to understand the story behind the original story,thus can have a deeper understanding and experiencing, that perceptions will help the students deepen the foundation of English language use. Students are required to accurately express the characters not only the characteristics of the language, still need to dig the characters inner change, inspects the character language or language contains the background of unique connotation.

3.Film Subtitle Translation and English Language Learning

3.1 The definition of film subtitle translation

Film subtitle translation refers to the translation of the dialogue of the source language into the target language by means of simultaneous subtitle in the film , which is usually located at the bottom of the screen. In recent years, subtitle translation has become increasingly popular in China because it can not only greatly save costs (only one fifteenth of the cost of dubbing), but also save the production time, speed up the release of films and achieve simultaneous global release as soon as possible compared with the translated films. While achieving economic benefits, subtitle translation can also enable the target language audience to experience the most authentic exotic atmosphere and deeply feel the language charm. Subtitles remind viewers that they are having a double experience -- they are not only watching the movie, but they are also reading what the film implies(Liu 15-16).

Besides, there are many definitions of subtitle translation, but this paper only discusses the subtitle translation of movies, which is also called the translation of target language subtitle. Some people believe that "under the condition of retaining the original sound of the film and television, and then translate the source language into the text superimposed on the bottom of the screen in the target language, which is commonly referred to as subtitle translation". Therefore, film works are a mass art form that integrates visual and auditory senses. Subtitle is not the whole content that the audience needs to appreciate in the process of watching the film works. Therefore, compared with other translation forms, subtitle translation has its own uniqueness.

3.2 Constraints of film subtitle translation

First of all, as an emerging field of translation studies, subtitle translation of film has not attracted enough attention in this field. Therefore, the practices of subtitle translation of film works lacks relevant theoretical guidance ,besides,the references about subtitle translation are few.

Meanwhile, the influence of cultural differences on translation studies cannot be neglected. Considering in many aspects there exists many differences between China and the Western countries,there will be plenty of obstacles in translation studies. Translators should understand the language and national cultural differences between the source language and the target language.

Thirdly, the time and space given to the film subtitle translation are limited. Since the time between the subtitle appears and disappears should be consistent with the time when the speaker begins and ends the speech, it is only a few seconds about the display time of the subtitle on the screen . In addition, given the audience may not have plenty time to have a quick review of the subtitle, translators with subtitles suggest that the screen should display only one row of Chinese characters at a time, with no more than 13 or 14 characters. Therefore, this kind of translation should be concise and easy to understand, refined and popular, suitable for all ages. The dialogue should not be too elegant and obscure.

English subtitles do not exist independently. It must be combined with the pictures and sounds of film and television works to be meaningful. If a paragraph of subtitles is extracted, its real meaning cannot be understood by looking at its content alone, and its ultimate purpose determines the service characteristics of subtitles. Since it is impossible for subtitles to exist independently of pictures and sounds, they are limited in time and space arrangement. On the one hand, it can"t stay in the same place for a long time like the words on a book. With the disappearance of the picture and sound that match the context, it will inevitably disappear and be replaced by the subtitle of the next sentence, that is, the nature of the instantaneous subtitle. On the other hand, the space of subtitles is also greatly limited. The fantastic charm of movies lies in the perfect combination of their sounds and images. Subtitles are not necessary as a kind of later addition. The precondition of their existence due to that they cannot cause great damage to the overall visual effect of the motion picture. Therefore, the layout of subtitles must also meet aesthetic standards.

3.3 Equivalence theory film subtitle translation

The core concept of the translation theory is "functional equivalence theory". This so-called "functional equivalence" implies that the translation in movies should achieve functional equivalence between the two languages instead of rigid literal correspondence. Functional equivalence contains four aspects: lexical equivalence, syntactic equivalence, textual equivalence and stylistic equivalence. In these four aspects, meaning stands as the most important part, compared with form.

According to this theory, I try to explore the application of functional equivalence theory in subtitle translation of the “Big Bang theory” from three aspects: vocabulary, syntax and culture.

Lexical, also known as vocabulary. Chinese words cannot correspond to English words one by one. To maximize lexical equivalence in subtitle translation, as in source language,words with same cultural connotation should be found in the translation to replace the source language’s vocabulary, thus the readers of the target language may have the same reaction as readers of the source language.

As one scene in "The big bang theory" season 5,Lenard suspects Emily fall in love with Raj for the sake of money,he said: “Deaf women can not be golddiggers?In English, the term "golddiggers" refers to women who used beauty to get money from men."Golddigger" can only be translated from the perspective of meaning equivalence, but such a translation cannot well convey the source language.

Syntactic equivalence refers to reproducing the style and characteristics of the source language as much as possible while keeping the semantics unchanged,also keep the structure the target language allows, thus can keep it consistent with the syntactic form of the source language. However, while the form and content of the target language are quite different from the source language, we can find a law that "form should give way to content".

Speaking of formal equivalence,take the limitation of time and space into consideration, the translation of film subtitles should be concise and informative. On the premise of keeping the semantics unchanged, the formal equivalence of subtitles should be realized as far as possible.

In episode 5 of season 5,Sheldon and Leonard looked at a sword from a comic book store,Leonard saved $40 by haggling, then Sheldon quips:“I’ve long said what you lack in academic knowledge you makeup for in street smart.(我早就说过，你学术知识上的匮乏全弥补在市井小民的小聪明上了).This translation is similar to the original text in terms of language style and dialogue length, and also very consistent with the character and identity of the characters. It maximizes the "frankness" of Sheldon and the irony of Leonard.

If formal equivalence fails to convey accurate information which source language implies, the translator should abandon formal equivalence and convey the semantics of the source language to the target language audience to a maximum extent so that the audience can also own the similar feelings with the source language audience after reading.By achieving semantic equivalence like this, it is often necessary for the translator to change the form of source language, and add or omit some contents.

On my personally note I think that in the process of subtitle translation, translators should respect the characteristics of the target language, we should notice that the translation of the cultural in source language factors in the cultural in source language,the readers ,as the home to return to, should be guided to the natural state.The expression of the translation,using the target language acceptable form to make it conform to the specification of the target language expression language as far as possible,so the translator in the subtitle translation need to be fully aware of the differences between Chinese and western culture, through the use of poems, idioms, slang, and son on,making the Chinese audience sympathize from the cultural level.

4.Principles of translation teaching and translation skills

4.1 The importance of film subtitle translation in English learning

Nowadays film subtitle translation has formed into an industrial chain and become more diversified, to a certain extent, the understanding of film subtitle translation can enable different opinions, but no matter where,and what the translation of the topic is, what kind of translation skills it uses, it always requires to have a unique understanding and profound foundation of film subtitle translation and the cultural background behind it. Therefore, it is necessary to provide students with some translation skills and guide them to learn subtitle translation independently in this teaching process by watching and analyzing English original sound films in class(Liu 56-59).

Film,as a special artistic expression, it is different from the pure literature and photography, film translation requires students to deduce language characteristics, cultural connotation and historical origin contained in the film. The film translation needs to have a deeper understanding and observation of the events behind the story which happens inside the movie. This kind of observation is the foundation of students to deepen their English language use. Students are required to accurately express the characters not only the characteristics of the language, still to dig the characters inner change, inspects the character language or language contains the background of unique connotation.

4.2 Principles of subtitle translation

At many circumstances,film subtitle translation needs to acquire some translation principles, only by knowing the base of the story and relevant cultural background and situation can the students make the accurate translation of the meaning expressed by the film, I have a few cases of classic movie translation to express some movie translation skills and need to know a few simple principles.

Scene1 The moral behind “No.10 Downing Street” in Waterloo Bridge

The British film Waterloo Bridge starts with such a voice-over:

“Announcer’s Voice：At 11:15 this morning, the Prime Minister, speaking to the nation from Number Ten Downing Street, announced that Great Britain is at war with Germany.”

About the translation, there are two versions. One is the announcer voice: 11.15 a.m toady, the prime minister in 10 Downing Street gave a speech to the nation, announced that Great Britain is at war with Germany. Another is the announcer voice: 11.15 a.m toady, the prime minister at 10 Downing Street, the British prime minister mansion gave a speech to the nation, announced that Great Britain is at war with Germany.

The two translations both remain faithful to the original, accurately convey the literal meaning of the original. So how well the students know about British history and politics will affect students" understanding of the film, on secondary side,it shows that not only by learning English vocabulary, grammar, heard, but also learning English culture, history can we really help students improve their level in the practice of translation. If you do not understand English culture, don"t know the implied cultural imagery "10 Downing Street", you would not have a deeper understanding of this text, therefore, students who do not understand the British culture will be at a loss and be unintelligible of the subtitles, or have a biased understanding, may mistaken that as military office. If they understand the British culture and history, can immediately understand the real meaning of the "10 Downing Street" implied, "10 Downing Street" ,as the typical representative of British culture, is not only a name of a place , many important events in history had happened here, to say that the power has been transferred to 10 Downing Street after the British constitutional monarchy established.

Scene2 A deduction of the delicate dialogues in “Scent of a women”

“Scent of a women” is a classic Hollywood movie, the most characteristic of the movie is the densely lines and inner monologue between the two leading actors. A large number of dialogue between characters in the film, especially the dialogue between Charlie and Slade, the subtitle translation of the film allows the audience to be immersed in the atmosphere created by the film. With the continuous advancement of the plot, romance and passion are added to each other, and bravery and justice are fully reflected. The Chinese subtitles of classic scenes in the film are discussed and analyzed below.

The classic scene "amazing" Tango

The film"s first small climax appears in a high-end restaurant, two male protagonists and beautiful elegant young girl Donna encountered. Slade relied on its acute sense of smell to "smell" the aroma of a woman, and accurately "smell" the hair color and the age of the girl , when he is informed from the mouth of Charlie that the girl is single, Slade,a man who loves women inside,definitely won’t miss this golden chance. Hence happened the dialogue between him and Charlie.

Case 1 Things are heating up.(好戏要开锣了)

Case 2The day we stop looking, Charlie, is The day we die.

(查理，活到老“泡”到老)

Case1 of subtitle translation is completely according to the context of Chinese, according to the expression of the Chinese translation for "drama night", the "bubble" in the case 2 words with Chinese era of taste, the "bubble" can be understood as a "practical", through the word choice translation Slade depict life like characters, astute, also left a very deep impression to the audience. After successfully "talking" with Donna, shred learned that the other party once wanted to learn tango, but he gave up because of his boyfriend"s objection. He immediately invited Donna to dance together like a gentleman and offered to teach her for free. Slade"s invitation was too much for Donna to refuse, but she was afraid she would "make a mistake," he said:

Case3Slade: No mistake in a tango, Donna, not like life. Simple, that makes tango so great. If you make a mistake,and you get all tangled up, just tango on.

There"s nothing wrong with Slade tango, Donna. It"s not like life. Tango and simplicity, that"s the beauty of it, you can keep going even if you mess up. The translation of this paragraph is wonderful, natural, concise, smooth, accurate and decent. It expresses the meaning without completely sticking to the structure of the original sentence(Mike 43-44).

4.3 Classic subtitle translation cases and techniques

Subtitle translation is the translation of source language into target language superimposed on the subtitle under the condition of retaining the original sound of the film and television. The author should follow the principles of conciseness, economy, accessibility in order to achieve a better translation effect.

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