Bi2Se3掺杂的制备及其物性的研究

 2022-08-04 09:08

论文总字数:17793字

摘 要

拓扑绝缘体的理论预言和实验的成功实现为物理和材料领域开启了令人兴奋的研究课题。Bi2Se3是在开发三维拓扑绝缘体领域发挥重要作用的原型材料之一。Bi2Se3由于强烈的自旋轨道耦合作用而具有非平凡拓扑结构的电子带。通过引入化学压力和物理压力可将拓扑绝缘体转变为拓扑超导体。随后研究小组通过引入化学压力在Bi2Se3中插入Cu/Sr/Nb,成功将拓扑绝缘体转变为拓扑超导体。拓扑超导体因其独特的能带结构和Majorana费米子的存在,在容错拓扑量子计算中有巨大的应用价值。但是由于CuxBi2Se3在空气中十分不稳定,NbxBi2Se3的超导百分比相对较低,所以SrxBi2Se3是研究拓扑超导体的理想材料。目前,大规模拓扑超导体的实现很大程度上依赖于制造具有大的超导体积分数和具有拓扑表面状态的合适材料。本文中,我们利用固相反应法成功制备了两组高质量的SrxBi2Se3(x=0.1,0.2)单晶样品。首先通过EDX和XRD的分析确定了样品的结构和组分。随后采用标准的四引线法对样品进行了电性的测量,确定样品的超导转变温度分别为3.2K和2.6K(x=0.1,0.3)。为了进一步确定样品的超导性,我们对样品进行了磁性测量,确定样品为体超导体,当x=0.1单晶的超导百分比可以达到90%以上,但发现x=0.3的样品只有40%左右,这主要是由于样品存在某些杂相引起的,但样品仍然为体超导体。

关键词: 拓扑绝缘体,拓扑超导体,SrxBi2Se3(x=0.1,0.3)单晶

Abstract

The theoretical predictions and successful implementation of topological insulators have opened exciting research topics for the physical and material fields. Bi2Se3 is one of the prototype materials that play an important role in the development of three-dimensional topological insulators. Bi2Se3 has an electronic band with non-trivial topological structure due to strong spin-orbit coupling. Topological insulators can be transformed into topological superconductors by introducing chemical pressure and physical pressure. The team then successfully inserted topological insulators into topological superconductors by inserting Cu/Sr/Nb into Bi2Se3 through the introduction of chemical pressure. Topological superconductors have great application value in fault-tolerant topological quantum computation due to their unique energy band structure and existence of Majorana fermions. However, because CuxBi2Se3 is very unstable in air and the superconducting percentage of NbxBi2Se3 is relatively low, SrxBi2Se3 is an ideal material for studying topological superconductors. At present, the implementation of large-scale topological superconductors largely depends on the fabrication of suitable materials with large numbers of superconductor integrals and topological surface states. In this paper, we successfully prepared two high-quality SrxBi2Se3 (x=0.1,0.2) single-crystal samples using the solid-state reaction method. The structure and composition of the sample were first determined by analysis of EDX and XRD. Then the standard four-lead method was used to measure the electrical conductivity of the samples. The superconducting transition temperatures of the samples were determined to be 3.2K and 2.6K (x=0.1, 0.3), respectively. In order to further determine the sample's superconductivity, we measured the magnetic properties of the sample and determined that the sample was a bulk superconductor. When the x=0.1 single crystal superconducting percentage could reach more than 90%, but the sample with x=0.3 was found only about 40%. This is mainly due to the presence of some miscellaneous phases in the sample, but the sample is still a bulk superconductor.

KEY WORDS: topological insulator, topological superconductor, SrxBi2Se3(x=0.1,0.3)Single crystal

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 超导的基本概念 1

1.2 超导体的发现和发展历程 2

1.3 拓扑绝缘体和拓扑超导体简介 2

1.4 SrxBi2Se3的研究现状 3

第二章 基本实验方法和测试原理 4

2.1 晶体的制备方法 4

2.1.1 固相反应法的定义 4

2.1.2 固相反应法的基本过程 4

2.1.3 影响固相反应的因素 4

2.2 晶体的基本表征和测试方法 4

2.2.1 X射线衍射(XRD) 4

2.2.2 扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 6

2.2.3 多功能物性测量系统(PPMS) 8

第三章 SrxBi2Se3单晶的制备和物性研究 10

3.1 SrxBi2Se3单晶的生长方法 10

3.2 SrxBi2Se3单晶的结构表征 10

3.2.1 Sr0.1Bi2Se3单晶的XRD衍射图像分析 10

3.2.2 Sr0.3Bi2Se3单晶的XRD衍射图像分析 11

3.3 SrxBi2Se3单晶的物性表征 11

3.3.1 SrxBi2Se3单晶(x=0.1,0.3)单晶的电输运性质 11

3.3.2 SrxBi2Se3单晶(x=0.1,0.3)单晶的磁性质 12

3.4 本章小结 14

致谢 15

参考文献 16

绪论

超导的基本概念

超导是指在温度下降到一定程度时,材料电阻迅速减小到0的现象,材料的这种状态称为超导态(superconducting state),而具有这种特性的材料就被称为超导体(superconductor)。当超导体开始从正常态转变到超导态时的温度叫做超导临界温度(superconducting critical temperature),用Tc表示。如表1-1所示,为一些元素和材料的超导临界温度。

表1-1 一些元素和材料的超导临界温度

元素

临界温度Tc(K)

元素

临界温度Tc(K)

元素/材料

临界温度Tc(K)

Be

0.026

Sn

3.722

Hg

4.15

Al

1.140

La

6.00

Pb

7.20

Ti

0.39

Hf

0.12

Nb

9.25

V

5.38

Ta

4.483

V3Si

17.1

Zn

0.875

W

0.012

Nb3Sn

18.1

Ga

1.091

Re

1.4

Nb3Al0.75Ge0.25

20.5

Zr

0.546

Os

0.655

Nb3Ga

20.3

Nb

9.50

Ir

0.14

Nb3Ge

23.2

Mo

0.92

Hg

4.153

YbaCu3O7

90

Tc

7.77

Tl

2.39

Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10

105

Ru

0.51

Pb

7.193

Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10

125

Rh

0.0003

Lu

0.1

HgBa2Ca2Cu3O8

134

Cd

0.56

Th

1.368

In

3.4035

Pa

1.4

与此同时,当超导体处在超导态时,外界磁场应在一定的程度范围内,如果超过这一限制,超导体将不再超导而转变为正常态,这一磁场限度叫做超导体的临界磁场,用Hc表示。实验表明,对于确定的超导体,其临界磁场只与温度有关,二者满足如下关系:

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