一维量子行走中相对论现象的理论研究

 2022-07-20 02:07

论文总字数:22762字

摘 要

随着科学的进步和发展,量子信息越来越被人们所重视,特别是在信息传输安全方面有着越来越重要的作用。在量子信息这门学科中,以量子行走为基础来设计相关的算法是一个非常热门的领域。量子行走如同掷硬币决定行走方向的“人”与“硬币”,“硬币”的正反就是光子偏振的方向,量子行走模型的建立就是这最简单的两部分组成。但是由于这个“硬币”本身可以处于任意一个量子的叠加态上,测试者的位置不取决于叠加的几率而是取决于几率幅。根据这一性质,“人”在空间位置的分布速度是随着二次方增长的,不同于现实生活中经典的随机行走正态分布。并且根据这一特征我们可以用来设计新的量子算法。

本文属于文献调研类论文,主要着手于一维量子行走模型其背后的物理意义,构建量子行走模型,完成量子行走物理实验方法进行调研,分析一维量子行走中相对论现象,并查阅相关文献。本文最开始讲述了量子行走的研究背景,然后在一维量子行走的基础模型上加入了关于一维量子行走中相对论现象的研究,最后通过公式以及绘图的角度,构建并分析其中特点,实现对量子行走的深入探讨。

关键词:量子行走、局域效应、相位缺陷、线性光学方法

Theoretical study of relativistic phenomena in one-dimensional quantum walking

Abstract

With the progress and development of science, quantum information has been paid more and more attention, especially in the aspect of information transmission security. In the subject of quantum information, the design of related algorithms based on quantum walking is a very hot field. Quantum walk like toss a coin to walk in the direction of "people" and "coin", "coin" of the positive and negative is the direction of the photon polarization, quantum walk model is the most simple of two parts. But since the "coin" itself can be in any quantum superposition, the position of the tester depends not on the probability of stacking but on the probability. According to this property, the distribution speed of "human" in spatial position increases with the second power, which is different from the classical random walk normal distribution in real life. And according to this feature we can design new quantum algorithms. This article is kind of an investigation paper which focus on the professor P. Xue’ team and their research accomplishments aiming at studying the model of quantum walk and how to experimental realize the quantum walk by consulting related papers.

Belongs to the literature research papers, this paper mainly focuses on one dimensional quantum walk model of its physical meaning behind, build a quantum walk model, complete quantum physics experiment method of research, analysis of one dimensional quantum walk phenomenon of relativity, and related literatures. This article first tells the story of the quantum walk the research background, and then walk on one dimensional quantum model on the basis of joined the research on relativity in one dimensional quantum walk phenomenon, finally through the formula and the Angle of the drawing, build and analysis of the characteristics of them, discussions of quantum walk

.

KEYWORDS: Quantum Walk, Relativistic phenomenon, Phase Defects, Linear Optical Method.

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 4

1.1 量子行走的研究背景与意义 4

1.2 量子行走相关理论基础 5

1.2.1 阿达玛行走 5

1.2.2 一维量子行走 6

(1) 行走的正式描述 6

(2) 傅里叶分析下的阿达玛行走 7

(3) 一维量子行走实验中的实现 8

第二章 相对论效应下的量子行走 12

2.1 DTQW与CTQE相对论效应下的方程解释 12

2.2 coin算符和自由相对论粒子的质量之间的关系 17

第三章 小结 24

结论和展望 25

致谢 26

参考文献 27

第一章 绪论

1.1 量子行走的研究背景与意义

量子行走这一名词来自于量子信息科学。它是一种量化版本的无处不在的随机行走(RW),用于描述扩散,解决计算机科学中约束满足问题的概率算法,在复杂系统中的量子传输,并证明了有趣的非线性动力学的量子现象。

在1994年,Shor提出了一个创造性的算法,并且能短时间内解决大数因式分解 [1],到目前为止,我们所使用仍是公钥密码体系,而他的安全性恰好依赖于复杂的大数因式分解。因此,这个算法的问世使信息安全本身迎来巨大的挑战。

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