超超临界660MW机组蒸汽参数对机组的经济性影响分析

 2022-01-29 07:01

论文总字数:31819字

摘 要

本毕业设计针对超超临界660MW机组经常发生主蒸汽参数和再热参数偏离设计工况的问题,分析机组经济性中蒸汽参数的影响,为后续设备改造和运行优化提供理论依据。

文中以660MW一次中间再热机组为研究对象,依据热平衡原理,建立热力计算模型。模型中,使用曲线拟合和插值拟合等手段处理数据。运用VBA语言编写迭代程序,完成100%、75%和50%三个工况的热经济性excel计算程序。将三个工况的计算结果与原始数据进行比较,验证计算程序的正确性。通过改变蒸汽初压、蒸汽初温、再热温度和排汽压力等参数,计算上述参数变化对三个工况下发电机组绝对内效率和发电煤耗率的影响。

机组滑压运行,主蒸汽压力增大1MPa,100%工况时煤耗率减小0.484g/kWh;75%工况下降低0.859g/kWh;50%工况下减少1.776g/kWh。机组定压运行,主蒸汽压力增大3MPa,与滑压运行对比发电煤耗率增加2.65g/kWh。计算结果表明主汽压力提高,机组内效率增大;主汽压力较低时,提高压力对提高热经济性显著;定压运行极大地降低了机组的经济性。主蒸汽温度提高5℃,100%工况时煤耗率减小 0.35 g/kWh,75%时减小0.33 g/kWh,50%下减小0.31 g/kWh。数据结果显示,提高初温对100%工况影响最大。蒸汽初温越高对机组越有利,但是蒸汽初温受到现有金属材料的制约。蒸汽再热温度升高5℃,50%工况时发电煤耗率降低0.257g/kWh,75%时降低0.231 g/kWh,100%时降低0.216 g/kWh。蒸汽再热可提高机组的经济性,但提高效果不及改变主汽温度。排汽压力下降0.001MPa,100%工况下煤耗率减少1.325g/kWh,75%工况下煤耗率减少1.481g/kWh,50%工况下煤耗率减少1.609g/kWh。排汽压力下降,机组经济性大幅度提高。

关键词:热平衡,VBA,变工况,热经济性

Abstract

The graduation design is to solve problems of overheating and main steam parameters deviating from the design condition of the ultra-supercritical 660MW units. Combined with the graduation design of the original data, we analyze effects of steam parameter on the unit, which can provide a theoretical basis for follow-up equipment modification and operation optimization.

In this paper, making 660MW ultra supercritical, a reheat steam turbine as the research object, using the method of heat balance and establishing heat calculation model. Combined with the calculation model, we use curve fitting and interpolation fitting to process data. The thermal calculation procedures which consist of 100%, 75% and 50% is finished by using VBA language. Compared three results by calculating with origin data, we can confirm whether the procedures are right or not. Calculate the variable condition by procedures, analyze the influence on absolute internal efficiency and power consumption rate of the main steam temperature, pressure and reheat temperature, exhaust steam pressure.

When units are in sliding press mode, the main steam pressure increases 1MPa, the coal consumption rate (short for CCR) decreases 0.484g/kWh in 100% condition, 0.859g/kWh in 75% condition and 1.776g/kWh in 50% condition. Increase main steam pressure by 3 MPa, compared with sliding press mode, CCR increases 2.65 g/kWh when units are in fixed pressure operation. The calculation results show that the main steam pressure increases, the unit efficiency increases, too; when the main steam pressure is small, it is significant to increase the pressure; constant pressure operation greatly reduces the economy of the unit. The main steam temperature is raised to 5 ℃, the CCR decreased 0.35 g/kWh in 100%, 0.33 g/kWh in 75% and 0.31g/kWh in 50%. The results show that improvement of the initial temperature of 100% condition has the greatest impact. The higher the initial steam temperature, the better the thermal economy. The improvement of initial steam temperature is limited by the existing technology. Reheat steam temperature is increased to 5℃, the CCR decreased 0.257g/kWh, 0.231 g / kWh in 75% and 0.216 g/kWh in 100%. Though reheat steam can improve the economy of the unit, the improving effect is worse than main steam temperature. Exhaust steam pressure drop 0.001MPa, the CCR decreased 1.325g/kWh in 100%, 1.481g/kWh in 75% and 1.609g/kWh in 50%. Reducing the exhaust pressure, the economic performance of the unit is greatly increased.

Keywords: heat balance, VBA, variable condition, thermal performance

目录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目录 III

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景 1

1.2 超超临界机组经济性分析研究现状 1

1.3 超超临界机组经济性分析的常用方法 2

1.3.1 热平衡法 2

1.3.2 等效焓降法 2

1.3.3 选用分析方法 2

1.4 研究目的和主要研究内容 3

第二章 热平衡计算与程序设计 5

2.1 主要模型 5

2.1.1 热平衡模型 5

2.1.2 内效率模型 7

2.1.3 压力流量修正模型 8

2.1.4 插值拟合模型 9

2.1.5 泵模型 9

2.2 热平衡方法的计算过程 10

2.2.1 计算抽汽压力 11

2.2.2 计算抽汽焓 12

2.2.3 计算抽汽份额 12

2.2.4 质量平衡和能量平衡 13

2.2.5 计算结果汇总 14

2.3 程序设计 14

2.3.1 内效率 14

2.3.2 压力流量修正系数 15

2.3.3 抽汽焓 16

2.3.4 抽汽份额 16

2.4 本章小结 17

第三章 变工况计算与分析 18

3.1 主汽压力变化影响的计算与分析 18

3.1.1 计算结果 18

3.1.2 分析 19

3.2 主汽温度变化影响的计算与分析 22

3.2.1 计算结果 22

3.2.2 分析 23

3.3 再热温度变化影响的计算与分析 25

3.3.1 计算结果 25

3.3.2 分析 25

3.4 排汽压力变化影响的计算与分析 27

3.4.1 计算结果 27

3.4.2 分析 28

第四章 结论 30

致谢 31

参考文献 32

绪论

研究背景

能源与环境问题是当前社会的两大主题,是时代的研究热点,它是人类赖以生存的基石。尽管我国能源资源比较丰富,但是依旧存在问题,例如能源分布有差异,利用率低,能源结构上以煤为主,存在资源人均不足的问题。我国当前能源结构依旧以煤为主,火电在电力结构中的主要地位不可动摇。因此需要通过合理的技术操作和参数分析,减少发电厂对环境的影响,提高发电效率、降低污染、节约资源。超超临界火电机组热经济性好,煤耗低,可以提高我国火电机组水平,是我国火力发电机组的发展方向。然而超超临界机组运行时总是偏离设计参数,对机组的经济性造成严重影响。超超临界机组如何优化运行,现场参数如何选取,对火力发电厂至关重要。

本文针对超超临界660MW机组经常发生主蒸汽参数和再热参数偏离设计工况的问题,分析机组经济性中蒸汽参数的影响,为后续设备改造和运行优化提供理论依据。

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