挠曲柱面镜组重力响应变形及聚光分析

 2022-01-23 09:01

论文总字数:22547字

摘 要

现在抛物面是太阳能热发电用的槽式聚光镜主流聚光面型,抛物面聚光镜相比其它曲面聚光镜能获得更大的几何聚光比,这是抛物面成为主流聚光面型的原因。但是,在目前的技术条件下,抛物面聚光镜依旧存在制造成本过高,焦斑形状和尺寸仍不够理想等问题。而新型的挠曲柱面镜在这方面则有很强的竞争力,挠曲柱面镜的成型工艺简单,制造成本也较低,而且具有良好的聚光特性。本文详细叙述了对挠曲柱面聚光镜支撑方式的优化方案,这种方案能补偿其在重力响应变形下引起的聚光损失。

对于传统聚光镜的四点支撑结构,镜面在聚光镜自身重力的作用下会发生比较严重的变形,这种变形则会使得聚光后光斑条纹变宽,聚光效率变低。本文针对这一问题提出了一种工字型支撑方式,这种工字型的支撑虽然在支撑材料成本上比四点支撑稍高一些,但在这种新型支撑下能减小镜面在重力响应下的形变,即能提高聚光效率。从长远的角度来看,这无疑会是很有意义的一项研究。

本文首先给出了这两种支撑结构的模型,然后对其分别进行有限元分析,即分别对它们在重力载荷下的变形在SolidWorks软件上进行了模拟仿真。从仿真的结果得到在新型的工字型支撑作用下镜面的变形在一定程度上得到了控制。最后,通过TracePro软件分别对两种支撑结构下变形后镜面面型的聚光特性进行了分析,从而得到工字型支撑在聚光效率上的优势。

关键词:挠曲柱面;支撑结构;重力响应;聚光特性

The gravimetric response and the concentrating analyzing of the deflection surface mirror column

03011308 Zhu Changbin

Supervised by Kuang Rao

Abstract: Now the parabolic is the major surface of the trough concentrator used in solar thermal power generation. Parabolic concentrator can get the higher geometric Concentration Ratio compared to other cylinder collector, which is why the parabolic became the major surface of the trough concentrator. However, in the current technical conditions, parabolic concentrator still has some problems such as the high manufacturing costs, and the unsatisfactory shape and dimensions of the focal spot. While the new deflection surface concentrator has a high competitiveness in this respect, and the modeling process of it is simpler. Besides, the production cost is lower. What’s more, it still has good converging characteristic. This paper describes a program to optimize the supporting structure of the deflection surface concentrator, which can compensate for its loss caused by gravity loads.

For the four-point support of the conventional concentrator, the mirror will have a serious deformation in the influence of itself gravity. This deformation will make the spots stripes after concentrating rays become wider, and make the converging efficiency become lower. As for the problems mentioned above, this paper proposed a new supporting structure which called I-shaped support. Although I-shaped support costs a little more in buying steel, it can decrease the deformation of mirrors caused by the gravity, that is to say it can improve efficiency of concentrating rays. In the long term, it must be a very meaningful research.

This paper gives the models in the two supporting structure firstly, then it is time to research them using the Finite Element Analysis, which means the deformation of each supporting structure under the gravity loads can be simulated in the software SolidWorks. From the simulation results we can know that, to some extent, the deformation of the mirror can be controlled under the I-shaped support. Finally, software TracePro was used to analyze the concentrating characteristic of deformed mirrors under each supporting structure, which point that the superiority of the I-shaped support in concentrating efficiency.

Key words: deflection surface;supporting structure;gravimetric response;concentrating characteristic

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract II

目 录 III

1 绪论 1

1.1能源背景 1

1.1.1我国的能源现状 1

1.1.2 太阳能利用现状 1

1.2  槽式太阳能热发电技术 2

1.3本文的研究内容 3

1.3.1工字型支撑结构的提出 3

1.3.2课题设计的目的 3

2 太阳能集热器 4

2.1 引言 4

2.2太阳能聚光器设计原理 4

2.2.1 太阳圆面张角 4

2.2.2 太阳成像原理 4

2.2.3 太阳能聚光器的聚光比 5

2.3太阳能吸收器 7

2.4太阳能聚光集热器跟踪系统 7

2.5 本章小结 7

3 挠曲柱面镜 8

3.1挠曲线 8

3.2挠曲柱面镜 8

3.3 面型曲线分析 10

3.4本章小结 11

4 SolidWorks建模及仿真 12

4.1 SolidWorks建模 12

4.1.1 SolidWorks软件介绍 13

4.1.2 零件建模 13

4.2 面型仿真 14

4.2.1有限元分析 14

4.2.2有限元模型的建立 15

4.2.3变形仿真 16

4.3 本章小结 17

5 聚光分析 18

5.1 TracePro软件介绍 18

5.2聚光效果分析 18

5.3 本章小结 20

6 总结和展望 21

致 谢 22

参考文献 23

挠曲柱面镜组重力响应变形及聚光分析

1 绪论

1.1能源背景

1.1.1我国的能源现状

我国的能源资源类别丰富且总量庞大,世界各国有的能量资源我国都有。我国已探明的煤炭资源和水力资源都居世界第一;石油资源占世界第十一位;天然气资源占世界第十四位;太阳能资源居世界第二位;另外,我国还有非常丰富的潮汐、地热、风力和核燃料资源。但由于我国人口基数太大,使得人均资源占有量很少,只有世界平均水平的一半。另外,地区分布很不均衡也是我国能源资源分布以一大特点。所以我国面临的能源问题还是比较严峻。

当前,中国是以煤炭为主要能源的国家。煤炭在一次性能源消费中占很大比重,大约占四分之三以上。而且根据预测,这种状态还至少将维持60年左右,主要原因是我国其他发电形式的电价都相对昂贵,而油气贮量又有限,煤炭资源丰富且燃煤发电技术已非常成熟。根据2010年的数据统计,中国是世界上煤炭消费最多的国家,且石油、电力耗量也位居世界第二;中国当年消耗了占世界当年总消耗量近50%的水泥、35%铁矿石、20%的氧化铝和铜(但中国的GDP经济总量仅占世界的4%)。这一点可以看出我国还存在比较严重的能源利用不合理的问题。

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