数字式电涡流传感器设计

 2022-01-23 09:01

论文总字数:25484字

摘 要

电涡流位移传感器是一种能将非电量转化成电信号的非接触式测量装置,它的灵敏度高、稳定性好、抗干扰能力强,市场需求量大。为提高传感器信号传输过程的抗干扰能力,满足数字信号采集的需求,本论文就数学式电涡流传感器的设计开展研究工作,目的是提高输出频率的稳定性和扩大位移线性测量范围。

论文首先分析了电涡流传感器工作原理,在此基础上,设计了调频式测量电路,正弦波发生器采用克拉泼电容三点式振荡电路,并在Multisim软件上进行仿真,分析观察振荡波形形状和频率稳定性,依据仿真结果对电路进行了多次改进,确定了最优的电路结构。其次,搭建实验装置,绕制传感器线圈,测量电感随位移变化的关系数据,再将电感测量值代入实验电路进行仿真,得到频率-位移数据,并使用Matlab软件对数据进行拟合,得到拟合公式。最后,对拟合公式或直接对实验数据进行非线性补偿。由于仿真实验结果的数学特征比较明显,拟合得到的数学表达式较为简单,对比各补偿方法后,本论文直接通过对拟合公式进行数学变换实现结果线性化,取得了良好的效果。

仿真和实验结果表明:设计的测量电路能实现电涡流传感器频率信号输出的目标,电路稳定性良好。根据频率-位移关系数据的分析结果,该传感器的线性测量范围为8mm。

关键词:涡流传感器;仿真;克拉泼振荡器;非线性修正

Design of Digital Eddy-Current Displacement Transducer

Abstract

The eddy current displacement sensor is a non-contact measurement device which can convert the non electric quantity into electrical signal, and its sensitivity is high, stability is good, anti-interference ability is strong, the market demand is large. In order to improve the anti-interference ability of the sensor signal transmission process, to meet the needs of digital signal acquisition, research on the design of mathematical eddy current sensor has been carried out . The purpose is to improve the stability of output frequency and expand the linear displacement measurement range.

Improvements on the basic principle has many theoretical method can be adopted, this graduation design adopts the three-point capacitance modified "carat spilt oscillator". With the help of software Multisim simulation of the electric circuit design, circuit on the software platform design, hardware circuit parameters and linearization method processing. Through experimental instrument measuring actual inductance and displacement relationship obtained experimental data, and based on the inductance value in the data change software simulation in the circuit inductance value to obtain the corresponding frequency. Through linearization further obtain displacement - frequency linear relationship, to complete the design task.

The results of simulation and test showed that the design of the measurement circuit can realize the eddy current sensor data acquisition and the stability is good. The eddy current sensor can meet the requirements of non-contact measurement, the output has been linearized. The measuring range of the eddy current sensor is about 8 mm.

Key words: eddy current sensor, design, no-linear revision

目 录

摘要 ……………………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ

Abstract …………………………………………………………………………… Ⅱ

  1. 绪论 ………………………………………………………………………1

1.1 引言 …………………………………………………………………1

1.2 涡流传感器的研究现状 …………………………………………………1

1.2.1电路设计和参数选取 ……………………………………………2

1.2.2线性化方法 ………………………………………………………2

1.2.3误差补偿 ……………………………………………………………3

1.3本文的研究目的和主要研究内容 ………………………………………3

  1. 调频式电涡流传感器原理 …………………………………………………4

2.1 电涡流传感器的基本原理和结构 ………………………………………4

2.2 电涡流传感器等效电路分析 ……………………………………………5

2.3 频率与位移关系 …………………………………………………………6

2.4 电涡流传感器静态特性 ………………………………………………7

2.4.1迟滞误差 ……………………………………………………………7

2.4.2灵敏度 ……………………………………………………………7

2.4.3测量范围与零值误差 ……………………………………………8

2.5 电涡流传感器在电厂中的应用 …………………………………………8

2.5.1测量汽轮机转子轴向位移 ………………………………………8

2.5.2测量汽轮机转子转速 ………………………………………………8

2.6 本章小结 ………………………………………………………………9

  1. 调频式电路设计 ……………………………………………………………10

3.1 基本电路 …………………………………………………………………10

3.2 电路设计 ………………………………………………………………10

3.3 电路改进 ………………………………………………………………13

3.4 本章小结 ………………………………………………………………17

  1. 线性化分析与设计 …………………………………………………………18

4.1 模拟线性化 …………………………………………………………………18

4.2 数字线性化 ………………………………………………………………19

4.2.1计算法 ……………………………………………………………20

4.2.2查表法 ……………………………………………………………20

4.2.3插值法 ……………………………………………………………20

4.3 本章小结 …………………………………………………………………21

  1. 实验数据分析处理 …………………………………………………………22

5.1 数据测量与处理 ……………………………………………………………22

5.2 曲线拟合 ………………………………………………………………24

5.2.1数据拟合 ……………………………………………………………24

5.2.2数据拟合改进 ………………………………………………………26

5.2.3两次拟合对比 ………………………………………………………27

5.3 输出线性化 …………………………………………………………………27

5.4 本章小结 …………………………………………………………………28

总结 ……………………………………………………………………………………29

致谢 ……………………………………………………………………………………31

参考文献(References) ………………………………………………………………32

  1. 绪 论

1.1 引言

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