长链生物质基含氧燃料对柴油机燃烧与排放特性影响的研究

 2022-04-06 08:04

论文总字数:26934字

摘 要

柴油机在现代工业中占据重要地位,柴油机的清洁高效利用也是当下内燃机的主流发展方向之一。寻找清洁替代燃料作为能源危机与环境污染的主要解决方案之一,受到越来越多的关注。含氧燃料作为柴油的添加剂,可减少碳烟排放,改善燃烧效率,因此关于含氧燃料的研究逐渐受到重视。

本文搭建了可实时控制的柴油机实验平台与尾气收集系统,采用烟气分析仪和气相色谱质谱联用仪(GC/MS)分析柴油机排放物。选用了生物柴油(Biodiesel)、聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE)、二乙二醇二甲醚(DGM)、二丙二醇二甲醚(DPGDE)以及三丙二醇单甲醚(TPGME)作为柴油含氧添加剂,以分析这些含氧燃料作为柴油添加剂对常规污染物(CO、NOx、碳烟)以及多环芳烃(PAHs)排放的影响。

根据实验结果,选用的几种含氧燃料均利于CO减排,某些工况下可能增加NO排放但影响不大;均可减少PAHs浓度并降低毒性,二环与三环芳烃减排效果尤为明显。其中TPGME综合性能最好,且效果随添加比例增加而增加,值得未来进一步研究或推广。

关键词:柴油机,排放特性,含氧燃料,多环芳烃,TPGME

Abstract

Diesel engine occupies an important position in modern industry. Clean and efficient utilization of diesel engine is also one of the mainstream development directions of internal combustion engine. As one of the main solutions to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the search for clean alternative fuels has attracted more and more attention. Oxygen-containing fuels, as additives to diesel, can reduce soot emissions and improve combustion efficiency. Therefore, the research on oxygen-containing fuels has been paid more and more attention.

In this paper, a real-time control diesel engine experimental platform and exhaust gas collection system are built. The emission products of diesel engine is analyzed by flue gas analyzer and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC/MS). Biodiesel, Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODE), Diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DGM), Dipropyleneglycol dimethyl ether (DPGDE) and Tripropyleneglycol monomethyl ether (TPGME) were selected as diesel oxygen additives to analyze the effects of these oxygen-containing fuels as diesel additives on the emission of conventional pollutants (CO, NOx, soot) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).

According to the experimental results, the selected oxygen-containing fuels are beneficial to CO emission reduction, and may increase NO emission under some operating conditions, but have little impact; they can reduce PAHs concentration and toxicity, especially the emission reduction effect of dicyclic and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. TPGME has the best comprehensive performance, and its effect increases with the increase of adding proportion, which is worth further research or promotion in the future.

KEY WORDS:diesel engine, emission characteristics, oxygenated fuel, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, TPGME

目 录

摘要 I

Abstract ................................................................................................................. II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景及意义 1

1.2 生物质含氧燃料 1

1.1.1 醇类燃料 2

1.2.2 醚类燃料 2

1.2.3酯类燃料 2

1.2.4生物燃料 3

1.3 含氧燃料研究进展 3

1.4 本文主要工作内容 5

第二章 实验平台及实验步骤 6

2.1 柴油机实验平台 6

2.2索氏提取 7

2.2.1 索氏提取原理 8

2.2.2索氏提取实验步骤及注意事项 8

2.3 旋转蒸发 9

2.4 离心并装样 10

2.5 GC/MS分析 10

2.6 实验选用燃料介绍 10

2.6.1 聚甲氧基二甲醚(PODE) 10

2.6.2 二乙二醇二甲醚(DGM) 10

2.6.3 二丙二醇二甲醚(DPGDE) 11

2.6.4 三丙二醇单甲醚(TPGME) 11

2.7 本章小结 11

第三章 含氧燃料对柴油机燃烧及尾气排放的影响 12

3.1 缸内压力 12

3.2 CO排放 13

3.3 NO排放 17

3.4 本章小结 20

第四章 含氧燃料对柴油机多环芳烃排放特性的影响 21

4.1 多环芳烃(PAHs)总述 21

4.2 多环芳烃的标准曲线与线性回归方程 21

4.3 PAHs污染物的排放特性分析 23

4.3.1 柴油中添加不同含氧燃料对PAHs排放影响的研究 23

4.3.2 柴油中添加含氧燃料体积比对PAHs排放影响的研究 27

4.4 本章小结 30

第五章 全文总结及展望 32

5.1 全文总结 32

5.2 未来工作展望 32

致 谢 34

参考文献 35

长链生物质基含氧燃料对柴油机燃烧与排放特性影响的研究

第一章 绪论

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