基于太阳能的相变储能研究

论文总字数：40595字

摘 要

3和NaNO₃以40:60质量比混合的熔融盐材料具有合适的物理性质，可以选定为光热电站的储能材料。此外还用集中参数法对带储能的光热电站最关键的导热油-熔融盐换热器进行了动态模拟，对储热和放热过程中工质随时间的变化情况进行了计算模拟。结合动态模拟结果，对换热器的运行状态进行了系统的评估，基于评估的结果，通过理论计算对换热器的几何参数对传热效果和压降的影响进行了评价，与建设运行成本综合考虑，发现换热器管道内径12mm、外径16mm、管长12m时换热器能够兼顾建造成本、传热效果和压力损失，可以选定该参数为换热器的设计参数。最后，文章还针对制冷相变储能系统进行了设计计算，对相变储能系统的能效比等参数进行了评价。文章中整合的熔融盐参数表和模拟计算优化程序均为原创且对不同换热器都有很好的适用性。

关键词：光热发电；熔盐储能；换热器模拟；优化设计；相变储能

Phase-change energy storage based on solar energy

Feng Jiawei

Supervised by Su Zhongyuan

Abstract：With more and more fossil energy consumed, more and more people are interested in taking advantage of the photo-thermal power and believing that it is a great supplement for fossil energy. Solar power has the disadvantage of discontinuity and instability and thermal-storage technology is a great method to solve the problem. The thermal-storage system is the core component of the photo-thermal power system whose performance will well affect the economy and security of the power plant, so, it is necessary to do more research on this area and polish the performance of the power plant. In this paper, photo-thermal technology and energy storage technology are researched . After the multi-parameter comparison between the molten salts, we find that KNO₃ and NaNO₃(40:60 weight) has great physical properties, so we choose it as the suitable energy storage material in the photo-thermal electricity plant. Then, lumped parameter method is chosen to dynamically simulate the most important heat-exchanger in the photo-thermal power plant, which exchanges power between the molten salt and the heat transfer oil, the relationship between the temperature of the working mediums in the heat-exchanger and the time can be drawn. With the simulation, many designs based on it can be done. Heat transfer coefficient and the flow resistance are two of the most important parameters that affect the design of the heat-exchanger. We calculate this two parameters in different physical dimensions and make camparison to choose the most suitable physical dimension, which supplies reference for the design of the heat-exchanger. When the inner diameter of the heat transfer pipe 12mm ,outer diameter is 16mm and the length of the pipe is 12m, the heat-exchanger can combine the advantages of expense, heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop. In the end, we design a phase-change energy storage system based on vapour compression refrigeration and calculate its efficiency. The molten salt parameter table and simulation code can be used for many other heat-exchangers, which are main innovations of the paper.

Key words: photo-thermal electricity generation, energy storage by molten salts, simulation of heat exchanger, optimization design, phase-change energy storage

目 录

第一章 绪论 - 5 -

1.1 光热发电 - 5 -

1.2 储能技术 - 7 -

1.3 熔融盐材料 - 9 -

1.4 换热器 - 10 -

第二章 熔融盐优选 - 14 -

2.1 碳酸盐 - 14 -

2.2 硝酸盐 - 14 -

2.3 氯化盐 - 14 -

2.4 熔融盐选择 - 15 -

2.5 本章小结 - 17 -

第三章 换热器模拟方法介绍 - 18 -

3.1 热力学系统介绍 - 18 -

3.2 介质物性研究 - 20 -

3.3 传热模型 - 21 -

3.4 流体阻力模拟 - 26 -

3.5 制冷循环的参数计算方法 - 29 -

3.6 本章小结 - 30 -

第四章 储能的模拟和校核 - 31 -

4.1 光热发电站蓄能过程运行参数介绍 - 31 -

4.2 初选换热器几何参数介绍 - 31 -

4.3 蓄能过程换热器动态模拟 - 32 -

4.4 蓄能过程中热罐的动态模拟 - 34 -

4.5放热过程换热器动态模拟 - 35 -

4.6 放热过程中冷罐温度模拟 - 36 -

4.7 蒸汽压缩制冷循环的模拟计算 - 37 -

4.7 本章小结 - 38 -

第五章 换热器的优化设计 - 39 -

5.1 操作条件的确定 - 39 -

5.2 管道几何参数设计 - 39 -

5.3 管长的确定 - 44 -

5.4 本章小结 - 45 -

第六章 结论与展望 - 46 -

致 谢 - 47 -

参考文献： - 48 -

基于太阳能的相变储能研究

第一章 绪论

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