论文总字数：23221字

摘 要

16012207 高禹韵

指导教师 王建华

随着社会经济的不断发展，我国电力系统电力需求越来越大，由于需求较大，加上电网技术不断创新，海陆空电网发展迅速，船舶作为常用的海上运输工具更是如此。船舶电网在发展过程中出现了一个突出的问题，就是由于船舶身处环境恶劣，绝缘故障时有发生，而且往往绝缘故障很难被及时发现并处理，对电网供电可靠性和供电连续性带来了挑战，为此电力人对绝缘故障的有效监测并定位技术展开了研究。

本文首先对船舶电力系统做简要的介绍，概述了电网参数和中性点运行方式。接着学习了几种传统的绝缘监测手段，传统方法从人工停电试验，到基于零序电流的比相比幅法，再过渡到需要注入信号的“s注入法”，现在船舶电网常用的绝缘监测及定位手段是双频法。为了对整体电网进行绝缘监测，消除对地电容的影响，双频法注入两个不同频率的信号，可以方便地得到故障支路的接地电阻值，与绝缘电阻设定保护值相比较，可以定位到故障支路。但是，双频法硬件设计复杂，注入信号对变频要求较高，基于此提出了双频法的精简方法——单频法。文章重点分析了单频法的基本原理和灵敏性。

单频法具有双频法的优点，既对电网整体进行了绝缘故障分析，精确地测量出了接地电阻值，解决了故障定位的问题。同时完善了双频法的不足之处，使硬件和软件的设计都更加简单。

关键词：船舶电网；绝缘监测；绝缘电阻；双频法；单频法

ABSTRACT

With the continuous rapid development of social economy, the electric demands are increased dramatically. As a result of the increasing demands, the power system of sea, land and sky develop rapidly with technology innovation of the power network. As marine transportation tools, the ships is used to develop the power system. In the development process，power system of ship appears a prominent problem that due to a harsh space environment of ship, and more often than not, an insulation fault is difficult to be found and handled timely. All of the above gives power system big challenges to keep the continuity and reliability. Therefore power researchers studied the technology of insulation fault monitoring and positioning in the past few years.

In this paper, the writer introduces the power system of the ship briefly, summarizing the power network parameters and neutral point operation mode in electric power system. Then several traditional insulation monitoring methods are learned, from artificial power failure test to comparing phase and amplitude of zero sequence current, and then turning to "s injection method" which need to inject a signal. Now the power system of ship commonly uses double frequency method to monitor and position insulation. In order to monitor the insulation condition of the whole power system, and eliminate the influence of capacitance, double frequency method inject two different frequency signals to the networks. And then we get the value of ground connected resistance on fault branch easily. Comparing the value of ground connected resistance on fault branch with the insulation resistance protection value, we can locate the fault branch. However, the hardware design of double frequency method is complex, and the injection signal is highly demanding. Therefore, a simplified meatsure of double frequency method which called single-frequency method is proposed. This paper mainly analyzes the basic principle and the sensitivity of the single frequency method.

Single frequency method has the advantages of dual frequency method. It not only makes the insulation failure analysis of the whole power networks, accurately measures the ground connection resistance value, but also solves fault locating problem. At the same time, it reduce the shortcomings of dual frequency method, and simplify the design of hardware and software.

Key words: the power network of ship; insulation monitoring; insulation resistance; double-frequency method; injecting single-frequency method

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 船舶电力系统的基本情况 1

1.1.1 船舶电力系统的中性点接地方式 1

1.1.2 船舶电力系统的基本参数 1

1.2 船舶绝缘监测技术的背景和意义 2

1.3 传统的船舶绝缘监测技术 3

1.4 传统绝缘监测技术的研究 4

第二章 船舶绝缘监测技术的研究历程 6

2.1 零序电流法 6

2.1.1 比幅法 6

2.1.2 比相法 7

2.2 S注入法 7

2.3 双频法 8

2.3.1 双频法的基本原理 8

2.3.2 双频法的不足 9

第三章 注入单频信号的绝缘监测技术 11

3.1 基本原理 11

3.2 基于Matlab/simulink的仿真 13

3.2.1 注入信号源的设计 13

3.2.2 建立仿真模型 14

3.2.3 仿真结果分析 15

3.2.4 误差灵敏度 16

3.3 本章小结 18

第四章 总结展望 19

致谢 20

参考文献 21

第一章 绪论

进入21世纪以来，我国的经济实力飞速增长，社会各行各业都迸发出蓬勃的生命力，能源需求大大增加，电力供需矛盾日益凸显。而电力短缺导致了部分地区重新出现了拉闸限电的情况，造成不小的经济损失，城市地区建设规划中也将加大电力建设规模作为一大重点。现代社会商业经济贸易、个人生活娱乐等方方面面都对电力供应有着极大的依赖性，为了适应社会对电力系统更高的要求，在建设各类型的电力网络过程中，电力工作者研究了提高电网的可靠性以及用电安全性的各种可行方案。

交通运输是经济发展的基础，新中国成立以后，中国贸易开始了爆发性的发展，交通运输工具也来到了发展的春天。船舶作为现代重要的水上运输工具，承担大数量、长距离的运输任务。与其他交通工具相比，船舶在运输速度上不占优势，但是载重巨大、成本低廉，成为了干线运输的主要手段之一。现代海陆空交通工具都配备了独立的供电系统，系统的规划和运行性能的完善还在研究当中。电力系统绝缘水平是衡量电力系统性能的一大指标，良好的绝缘可以保证电网的电气及防火安全。为了满足供电可靠性及安全性的要求，对于电网绝缘故障的探索研究是不可避免的。随着电力技术研究工作的推进，船舶电力设备绝缘状况的监测技术不断推出新的方法。因此需要对船舶电力系统的绝缘状况进行监测，并定位到故障支路。

1.1 船舶电力系统的基本情况

在研究船舶电力系统的绝缘监测问题之前，先来了解一下船舶电力系统。船舶电力系统是基于大陆电网发展起来的，因此要了解船舶电网首先观察与大陆电网的不同之处。

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