快速需求响应应对大功率缺失的调度策略研究

论文总字数：26267字

摘 要

电力系统中电能供需平衡影响系统频率，当供需不平衡时，需要系统内的发电机组改变输出的有功功率或切除部分负荷，使频率恢复至正常范围。特高压直流输电的建设与可再生能源的发展给传统电力系统带来了冲击，输电线路的故障、可再生能源的波动性都是现代电网需要面对的挑战。经济社会的发展导致了居民用户用电设备种类的增多，负荷特性也逐渐多样化，因此快速需求响应参与电力系统调频已经成为现代电力系统调频技术发展的重点之一。

本文围绕大功率缺失下居民可控负荷参与电力系统需求响应，重点研究可中断负荷物理特性，对区域负荷进行聚合，提出用户参与电力系统需求响应的控制方案。

首先，对可参与电力系统快速需求响应的负荷进行研究，包括典型居民可控负荷如空调、热水器、电动汽车等，分析上述负荷特性并为它们建立物理模型，为其参与电力系统需求响应奠定了基础，从而可以实现电网调峰、应对电网大功率缺失。其次，在建立单个负荷基础上，采用基于蒙特卡洛模拟的聚合方法对区域负荷进行聚合，得到空调、电热水器和电动汽车的聚合功率曲线并进行分析。最后搭建系统频率响应模型，仿真系统出现大功率缺额时频率变化曲线，将需求响应参与调频的频率曲线与传统调频方式进行对比，并提出需求响应分散控制策略，分析快速需求响应应对电网大功率缺失的调频效果。

关键词：快速需求响应,聚合模型,功率缺失,分散动作策略

Abstract

In the power system, the balance of power supply and demand affects the frequency. When the balance is lost, the generators need to change their outputs or part of the load needs to be cut. Modern power grids face many potential challenges, such as the construction of UHV DC transmission and the development of renewable energy. The development of economy and society is rapid, resulting in an increase in the types of household electrical equipment and the diversification of load characteristics. Therefore, rapid demand response has become one of the focuses of the development of modern power system.

This paper focuses on the ways of demand response under the lack of large amount of power. During the process of demand response, resident controllable load participates in frequency modulation of the power system. The regional load is aggregated and a control strategy for the user to participate in the power system demand response is proposed.

First, the load that can participate in the rapid demand response of the power system is analyzed, including typical resident controllable load such as air conditioners, water heaters, electric vehicle, etc. The characteristics of the above load are analyzed and the physical models for them are established, which lays a foundation for their participation in the demand response of the power system. Thus, the demand response can cope with the lack of power. Second, based on the establishment of a single load, the regional load is aggregated by the Monte Carlo simulation-based polymerization method. The aggregate power curves of air conditioners, electric water heaters and electric vehicle are obtained and analyzed. Finally, the system frequency response model is built. The frequency curve of the power shortage is simulated in the simulation system. The effect of demand response during the lack of power is much better than that of traditional frequency modulation method. The decentralized control strategy is proposed to analyze the advantages of the rapid demand response to cope with the power shortage of the power grid.

KEY WORDS: rapid demand response, aggregated models, power shortage, decentralized control strategy

目 录

摘要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题背景与研究意义 1

1.1.1课题背景 1

1.1.2研究意义 1

1.2国内外研究现状 2

1.2.1需求响应负荷建模研究现状 2

1.2.2需求响应负荷聚合方法研究现状 2

1.2.3需求响应参与调频控制研究现状 4

1.3本文主要研究内容 4

第二章 需求响应负荷模型建立和特性分析 6

2.1引言 6

2.2需求响应负荷模型 6

2.2.1空调负荷特性与模型 6

2.2.2热水器负荷特性与模型 9

2.2.3电动汽车负荷特性与模型 11

2.3本章小结 14

第三章 需求响应负荷聚合功率评估方法研究 15

3.1引言 15

3.2负荷聚合技术及其应用 15

3.3蒙特卡洛法聚合需求响应负荷 16

3.3.1空调负荷的聚合功率曲线 16

3.3.2热水器负荷的聚合功率曲线 19

3.3.3电动汽车负荷的聚合功率曲线 22

3.4 本章小结 25

第四章 需求响应参与系统频率响应策略研究 26

4.1引言 26

4.2单区域系统频率响应模型 26

4.3需求响应负荷分散控制策略 28

4.4出现功率扰动下的频率特性分析 29

4.5本章小结 31

第五章 结论及展望 32

5.1结论 32

5.2展望 33

参考文献 35

致 谢 37

第一章 绪论

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