故障状态下的配电网负荷转供研究

 2022-05-24 09:05

论文总字数:38711字

摘 要

配电网是电力网络的最后一个环节,近些年配网自动化在不断发展,为了保证电网的正常运行,负荷转供技术正在被日益重视。负荷转供是通过联络开关的切除和连通在满足安全约束的条件下将故障区域转移而实现。同时,应该对网络的结构进行优化重构。负荷转供可以提高供电可靠性,降低故障带来的损失,同时可以优化网络结构,具有很大的实用价值。

目前对于此类的问题的算法主要由以下几种,分别为遗传算法,蚁群算法,粒子群算法,以及较为简单普通的穷举法。穷举法在其中相对简单普通,即列出所有可能的情况并一一求解,对所得结果进行一一比较,原理简单,结果可靠,不过效率较低,适用于结构不太复杂的系统。

本文采用穷举法进行负荷转供研究。首先利用节点分层的思路对网络的拓扑结构进行表述,通过支路参数矩阵与节点参数矩阵生成节点分层矩阵与父节点矩阵,在该结构下在完成对可行解的判定后采用前推回代的潮流算法在约束条件下对网络进行潮流计算,通过得出的节点电压,电流,计算出网络的损耗,最后对所有的方案从有功损耗,无功损耗,电压越限率等方面进行比较,从所有结果中寻出最优的方案,实现了负荷的转供。

根据所编写的程序,本文用IEEE33节点算例和美国PGamp;E对算法的可行性进行了验证。

关键词:负荷转供,节点分层,前推回代潮流计算,穷举法。

Abstract

Distribution network is the last link of power network. In recent years, distribution network automation is constantly developing. In order to ensure the normal operation of power grid, load transfer technology is receiving more and more attention. The load transfer is realized by the disconnection and communication of the tie switch to transfer the fault area under the condition of satisfying the safety constraint. At the same time, the structure of the network should be optimized and reconstructed. Load transfer can improve the reliability of power supply, reduce the loss caused by faults, and optimize the network structure, which has great practical value.

At present, the algorithms for such problems mainly consist of the following methods: genetic algorithm, ant colony algorithm, particle swarm algorithm, and simple and ordinary exhaustive method. Genetic algorithm is a method to simulate the evolution mechanism. The ant colony algorithm simulates the ant walking path, and uses all the path spaces of the ant colony to form a solution set of problems, and then finds the best; Group algorithms belong to swarm intelligence algorithms, while group algorithms are a group system that describes social behaviors by simulating collective behaviors in which simple individuals interact in the environment. The exhaustive method is relatively simple and ordinary, that is, it lists all possible situations and solves them one by one, and compares the obtained results one by one. The principle is simple and the result is reliable, but the efficiency is low, and it is only suitable for the case where the situation is relatively simple.

This paper uses the exhaustive method for load transfer research. Firstly, the network is described by using the hierarchical structure of the nodes. Then, the power flow algorithm of the pre-pushing generation is used to calculate the power flow under the constraint conditions. Finally, all the load transfer scenarios are listed, and the feasible solutions are compared one by one. From all the results, the solution that the network loss is low and the number of switching operations is small is found, and the load transfer is realized.

According to the programmed program, the feasibility of the algorithm is verified by the IEEE33 node example.

Keywords: load transfer, node stratification, forward pushback generation flow calculation, exhaustive method.

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪论 1

1.1课题的背景 1

1.2 国内外配电网现状 1

1.3 故障负荷转供现状研究 3

1.3.1负荷转供算法的研究 3

1.3.2负荷转供模型 4

1.4本文所做的主要工作 4

第二章 负荷转供的基本理论 6

2.1引言 6

2.2 配电网络的拓扑结构与潮流计算方法 6

2.2.1配电网的拓扑分层 6

2.2.2配电网的潮流计算方法 9

2.2.3节点分层下的前推回代法 10

2.4 本文所使用的数学模型 11

2.4.1目标函数 11

2.4.2约束条件 12

2.5 本章小结 12

第三章 基于穷举法的负荷转供 13

3.1简介 13

3.2不可行解的判断 13

3.2.1回路的判定 14

3.2.2孤岛的判定 15

3.3负荷转供的实现 15

3.4转供结果的评估 16

3.5本章小结 17

第四章 算例分析 19

4.1以IEEE 33节点为例 19

4.1.1仅操作联络开关 21

4.1.1.1节点2,3间故障 21

4.1.1.2节点2,3与节点9,10间故障 23

4.1.2可操作正常支路上其他开关: 24

4.1.2.1节点2,3间故障 24

4.1.2.2节点2,3与节点10-11间故障 25

4.2以美国PGamp;E 69节点系统为例 27

4.2.1节点5,6间故障 30

4.2.2节点5,6与节点63,64间故障 31

第五章 总结展望 34

5.1总结 34

5.2展望 34

致 谢 37

参考文献 35

附 录 38

第一章 绪论

1.1课题的背景

配电网处在电力网络的一部分,当电力经过输电网运送之后,配电网便承担着将电能分配用户的职责,是电能输送的最后环节。当配网发生故障时,用户用电将会受到影响,居民的日常生活以及工业生产将会受到影响。因此,在故障之后,网络应该尽快恢复供电,尽量缩小受影响的范围。同时,还应该在故障恢复的同时考虑更高的目标,即实现网络损耗的减少。这样,可以尽可能减少故障带来的损失,同时优化电网的结构。

配电网络包含大量开关,正常运行时线路之间由分段开关联结,故障状态下联络开关打开,备用线路启用。当配网故障时,通过调整开关的开状态可以隔离故障,并可以转移故障区域内影响的负载,以在减少故障对电网运行稳定性的影响。同时,通过分配开关的组合状态,可以实现优化配网的结构,降低损耗,提高网络运行的经济型与稳定性。近些年来,世界各国在配电网故障处理以及供电恢复做了大量的研究与实践工作,但随着配电网结构的日益庞大与复杂化,负荷的转供距离大面积推广应用仍有一些距离。

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