磁悬浮列车模型悬浮机构设计与研制

 2022-05-24 09:05

论文总字数:23444字

摘 要

磁悬浮列车实现了轨道与列车的非接触运行,在国家大力发展电气化交通的背景下具有极大的优势。随着超导技术、控制技术、智能化、信息化的发展,世界各国对磁悬浮技术的研究越发重视。本论文以磁悬浮列车为对象,开展磁悬浮列车模型悬浮电磁铁的结构设计、电磁设计以及特性仿真等工作,旨在理解磁悬浮列车的运行原理和结构特点,开发磁悬浮列车展品模型,应用电磁场理论、电机学原理设计悬浮电磁铁,完成悬浮力计算与校核,揭示电磁铁的电磁特性和力特性。论文的主要工作如下:

首先,学习磁悬浮列车的相关理论知识,阅读有关文献资料,了解常导磁吸式磁悬浮列车的整体悬浮机构,掌握电磁铁计算和分析方法。

其次,根据本次磁悬浮列车模型的要求和技术指标,设计悬浮机构整体结构,确定悬浮机构的安装形式,实现列车模型的整体架构设计。

再次,分析电磁体工作原理,建立电磁体电磁特性的解析计算方法,基于性能指标开展电磁体结构设计和参数设计,分析各个参数对电磁性能的影响,校验电磁体的力学性能。

最后,根据悬浮电磁铁的计算和设计,将利用有限元分析软件(Andsoft Maxwell)模拟悬浮电磁铁的电磁以及力学特性,用来仿真计算,揭示电磁场分布规律以及电磁铁的力学特性。

关键词:磁悬浮列车,电磁铁,电磁设计,力学特性,有限元方法

Abstract

The maglev train realizes the non-contact operation of the track and the train, and has great advantages in the context of the country's vigorous development of electrified traffic. With the development of superconducting technology, control technology, intelligence, and information technology, the research on magnetic levitation technology has become more and more important in countries all over the world. In this thesis, the magnetic suspension train is used as the object to carry out the structural design, electromagnetic design and characteristic simulation of the suspension electromagnet model. The purpose is to understand the operation principle and structural characteristics of the maglev train, develop the maglev train exhibit model, apply the electromagnetic field theory and the motor. The principle is to design a suspension electromagnet, to calculate and verify the suspension force, and to reveal the electromagnetic characteristics and force characteristics of the electromagnet. The main work of the thesis is as follows:

First, learn the relevant theoretical knowledge of the maglev train, read the relevant literature, understand the overall suspension mechanism of the normally-magnetic magnetic maglev train, and master the calculation and analysis methods of the electromagnet.

Secondly, according to the requirements and technical indicators of the maglev train model, the overall structure of the suspension mechanism is designed, the installation form of the suspension mechanism is determined, and the overall architecture design of the train model is realized.

Thirdly, the working principle of electromagnet is analyzed, and the analytical calculation method of electromagnetic characteristics of electromagnet is established. Based on the performance index, the electromagnet structure design and parameter design are carried out, the influence of each parameter on electromagnetic performance is analyzed, and the mechanical properties of the electromagnet are verified.

Finally, based on the electromagnetic field finite element calculation software Maxwell, the finite element simulation calculation model of the electromagnet is established, and the finite element calculation of static and dynamic electromagnetic fields is carried out to reveal the electromagnetic field distribution law and the mechanical properties of the electromagnet.

 

Keywords: maglev train, electromagnet, electromagnetic design, mechanical properties, finite element method

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1磁悬浮技术诞生与发展 1

1.2磁悬浮列车的发展前景 1

1.3磁悬浮列车的发展历史 2

1.4磁悬浮列车的运行原理 2

1.5电磁铁设计计算的进展 4

1.6本文的主要工作 5

第二章 磁悬浮列车模型悬浮机构设计 6

2.1磁悬浮列车模型的悬浮原理 6

2.2磁悬浮列车模型悬浮机构设计 7

第三章 磁悬浮列车模型悬浮电磁铁的电磁设计 9

3.1主要参数的选取 9

3.2悬浮电磁铁的设计步骤 9

3.3设计计算过程 10

第四章 磁悬浮电磁铁电磁及力学特性仿真计算 14

4.1电磁特性及力学特性的有限元仿真 14

4.1.1二维静磁场电磁特性仿真 14

4.1.2二维静磁场力学特性仿真 17

4.2气隙对悬浮电磁铁电磁特性的影响分析 18

4.3气隙对悬浮电磁铁力学特性的影响分析 21

第五章 磁悬浮机构样机加工与安装 23

总 结 25

参考文献 26

致 谢 28

第一章 绪论

1.1磁悬浮技术诞生与发展

磁悬浮技术,一种利用磁力使物体悬浮于空中与任何物体无任何机械接触的技术。悬浮技术的基本原理是通过磁体之间同性相斥,异性相吸的电磁特性从而实现物体的悬浮[1]。利用磁力实现物体悬浮形式多样,其中具体有抗磁质磁悬浮、超导斥力悬浮、超导钉扎悬浮、涡流悬浮以及电动悬浮等。

20世纪初,美、英等国的专家学者提出了物体摆脱重力实现悬浮的可能性,之后英国物理学家Earnshaws提出了磁悬浮概念。1939年,布鲁贝克对磁悬浮技术进行了严格的理论证明[2],此时磁悬浮的理论知识已经较为完善,但是磁悬浮技术的实际应用直到20世纪70年代才得到发展。目前,世界范围应用范围越来越广,产生了磁悬浮潜水电泵,磁悬浮无负压供水系统等磁悬浮技术方面的应用,其中高速磁悬浮列车相较于铁路列车具有极大的优势和发展前景。

1.2磁悬浮列车的发展前景

传统的铁路列车依靠蒸汽、电力等能源提供牵引力在列车轨道上行驶,列车与轨道之间存在较大阻力,而磁悬浮列车由于实现了悬浮运行,磁悬浮列车与轨道之间不存在阻力,与普通的铁路列车相比,磁悬浮列车有着如下优势:

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