电动叉车总体及行驶系统设计

 2022-12-19 04:12

论文总字数:21672字

摘 要

叉车作为一种特种的工业用车,在我国的应用范围十分广泛。由于叉车相比于其他工业用车更加灵活轻便,因此研究设计叉车已经成为机械工程师所关注的热点问题之一,在如何不断提升叉车的性能的道路上不断前行。在如今科技的扶持下,大部分的汽车已经采用由电机驱动来代替原本的内燃机驱动,为了响应环保与节约能源的号召,我们小组也计划设计的叉车由电机驱动。而设计一款新叉车产品,首先就是进行其总体设计,因为必须通过总体设计来解决叉车的部分设计参数,也必须通过设计总体,来将我们所期望的叉车特点可以更好的通过总体设计从而反映出来。叉车总体的设计难点在于为了满足机动性能高的要求,叉车需要设计的非常紧凑,这带来了布置与散热方面的问题。叉车各部件的设计和选用需要考虑叉车的构造与工作特点。蓄电池组的选择与安装位置与电机的选择与摆放位置值得讨论。在个人设计过程中,难点在于在各组成部分技术设计的基础上要进行详细的准确的总体设计。本文将在下文尝试解决上文的难点问题,并对总体设计及其行驶系设计提供一个方案。

关键词:电动叉车;总体设计;行驶系

Electric forklift overall and running system design

Abstract

As a kind of special industrial vehicle, forklift truck is widely used in China. Not only can reduce the burden of workers, but also improve the efficiency of workers. Compared with other industrial vehicles, forklift trucks are more flexible and light, so the research and design of forklift trucks has become one of the hot issues that mechanical engineers pay attention to, and how to constantly improve the performance of forklift trucks on the road to move forward. With the support of current science and technology, most cars have been driven by motors instead of internal combustion engines. In order to respond to the call of environmental protection and energy saving, our group also plans to design forklifts driven by motors. The design of a new forklift product, the first is to carry out its overall design, because it must be through the overall design to solve the forklift part of the design parameters, but also through the design of the overall, to our expectations of the forklift characteristics can be better reflected through the overall design. The overall design difficulty of forklift lies in that due to the structure of forklift itself, in order to meet the requirements of high mobility performance, the design of forklift needs to be very compact, which brings problems in layout and heat dissipation. Forklift components of the design and selection need to consider the construction and working characteristics of the forklift. At the same time, in order to meet the requirements of one-hour working day for forklift trucks, the selection and installation position of the battery group and the selection and placement position of the motor are worth discussing. In the process of individual design, the difficulty lies in the detailed and accurate overall design on the basis of the technical design of each component. This paper will try to solve the above difficult problems in the following, and provide a scheme for the overall design and the design of the driving system.

Key words: electric forklift; Overall design; Driving system

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章 绪 论 1

1.1 课题研究背景 1

1.2 叉车简介 2

1.3 装配图介绍 11

第二章 方案设计计算 15

2.1 总体设计内容 15

2.2 技术参数 15

2.3 技术要求 15

2.4 叉车构造形式 15

2.5 总体设计 16

第三章 总体设计计算 17

3.1 参考数据 17

3.2重心计算 18

3.2 轮胎选择 20

3.3 牵引性计算 21

3.4 制动性计算 23

3.5 机动性计算 24

3.6 蓄电池选择 25

3.7 稳定性计算 25

第四章 行驶系结构与计算 29

4.1 车架 29

4.2 护顶架 31

4.3 配重块 31

4.4 操纵的布置 32

第五章 叉车电气原理 33

5.1 电气原理图 33

5.2 汽车电器设备 35

第六章 结束语 36

致 谢 37

参考文献(References) 38

绪 论

课题研究背景

叉车——小型工业搬运车辆在生产中有着广泛的应用。它可由司机单独操纵完成货物的装卸,运送或堆垛作业,同时也可借助属具扩大使用范围和提高作业效率。2t电动叉车机动灵活,适应性强,能在狭小的空间高效的工作,广泛的应用于港口,车站,仓库工厂等地,而且无污染,清洁环保。

1.1.1 课题研究的意义

电动叉车的研究意义非常重大,叉车的使用促进了运输文化与搬运文化的发展。首先能减轻劳动强度,其次缩短作业时间,提高仓库容积利用率以及减轻货物的破损的优点。随着港口,工厂的发展,叉车的供需也越来越多,因此对电动叉车的需求近年来也呈现急速上升的趋势。

由上述可得,对叉车的研究设计很有必要,既巩固了专业知识的学习,又培养了团队合作及独立工作的能力。

1.1.2 国内外叉车发展

在我国,叉车产业自20世纪50年代末起步,到70年代才初具规模,产品系列发展比较全面。自80年代以后,通过引进TCM、三菱及尼桑(日产)技术,我国叉车设计、制造技术有了快速发展。目前整机设计技术已接近国际前沿水平,但发动机等关键零部件的设计、制造水平尚有较大差距。中国叉车行业(国内企业)的领导者已基本形成,行业结构正在朝健康的方向发展,规模效益已在个别企业明显体现出来,行业整体赢利能力已完全恢复。

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