金属橡胶硅油减振器结构设计与建模研究

 2022-11-03 10:11

论文总字数:16243字

摘 要

金属橡胶硅油减振器,是一种起到缓冲、减振,实现防振动的功能性部件。它主要应用于工程机械,为驾驶员提供舒适、稳定的工作环境。当减振器受到载荷冲击或振动时,橡胶弹簧充分利用其良好的弹性、具有较大的非线性及隔音特点,并且能承受交变应力而不易出现疲劳,迅速减小振动幅度的大小,起到减小振动和缓冲的作用。硅油相当于一个压缩弹簧,但硅油比弹簧的阻尼效果好。载荷较大且动载明显时,橡胶与硅油组合在一起联合减振,是工程机械中司机室防振动比较理想的选择。随着悬置减震器的发展,其结构和性能都取得了很大的提升,本文针对某装载机减震所采用的减震器做了其减震机理以及减震器结构设计方面的研究,主要工作集中在下几点:

  1. 在研究减震器的发展历史和基本研究理论的基础上,采用力学法对减震器橡胶主簧主体部分进行初步的尺寸设计,采用集总参数模型方法初步计算了减震器的初步结构,并利用建模软件建立初步的模型。
  2. 利用有限元分析法对橡胶主簧以及其组合件进行接触设置、约束加载以及橡胶的非线性材料属性进行设置,并对其进行静力学分析最终得出了橡胶主簧的尺寸和结构。
  3. 在弹性试验台上对减震器样件进行低频振动谐响应测试,利用传感器以及DHDAS软件,记录其上下位移,以及不同位置的位移和加速度,并和有限元分析结果进行比较。

关键词:工程机械;非线性材料;有限元分析

Structural design and modeling of metal rubber silicone oil shock absorber

Abstract

Metal rubber silicone oil shock absorber is a kind of functional component which plays a role in buffering, damping and anti-vibration. It is mainly used in construction machinery to provide a comfortable and stable working environment for drivers.When the shock absorber is subjected to load impact or vibration, the rubber spring makes full use of its good elasticity, play a role in reducing vibration and buffer.Silicone oil is equivalent to a compression spring, but the silicone oil is better than spring damping effect.When the load is large and the dynamic load is obvious, the combination of rubber and silicone oil can reduce the vibration, which is an ideal choice for the anti-vibration of the driver's cab in construction machinery.Fluid resistance is more and more widely applied in automobile and engineering vehicles suspension system, due to the effect of rubber and liquid silicone rubber shock absorber has a strong nonlinear characteristics of its nonlinear characteristic mainly reflects on the material nonlinear and geometry nonlinear two-point, its dynamic characteristic is also the main research direction of the vehicle suspension system damping.With the development of suspension shock absorber. This paper studies the shock absorption mechanism and structural design of the shock absorber adopted by a loader. The main work focuses on the following aspects:

  1. On the basis of studying the development history and basic research theory of the shock absorber, the preliminary size design of the main part of the rubber main spring of the shock absorber was carried out with the mechanical method, the preliminary structure of the shock absorber was preliminarily calculated with the lumped parameter model method, and the preliminary model was established with the modeling software.
  2. Using finite element analysis was carried out on the rubber main spring, as well as its assembly contact Settings, constraints, load and the nonlinear rubber material attribute set, and finally obtained the statics analysis of rubber spring the size and structure of the Lord.
  3. The low-frequency vibration harmonic response of the shock absorber sample was tested on the elastic test bench. The upper and lower displacement, as well as the displacement and acceleration at different positions were recorded by using the sensor and DHDAS software, and the results were compared with the results of finite element analysis.

Keywords: Construction machinery; Nonlinear materials; Finite element analysis

目录

摘要 Ⅰ

Abstract Ⅱ

第一章 绪论 1

1.1论文研究背景和意义 1

1.2动力总成悬置发展史 2

1.3 ABAQUS/CAE在液阻悬置中的应用 2

第二章 方案设计 4

2.1液阻悬置减震器基本理论与设计 4

2.1.1液阻悬置评价指标 4

2.2液阻悬置减震器的力学模型 5

第三章 结构设计 8

3.1 动力总成系统减震器设计 8

3.1.1橡胶材料的选取 8

3.1.2橡胶减震器外形尺寸设计 10

第四章 橡胶主簧的有限元分析 13

4.1橡胶减震器的非线性特性 13

4.2 橡胶主簧在ABAQUS中的分析过程 13

4.2.1 创建草图与部件 13

4.2.2创建材料及界面属性 14

4.2.3 创建截面并赋予部件截面属性 16

4.2.4 网格划分 16

4.2.5定义接触 18

4.2.6定义边界条件 19

4.2.7设置分析步提交分析 19

4.2.8结果分析 20

第五章 减震器振动测试 21

5.1 传感器的位置分布 21

5.2不同频率激励下各传感器记录结果 21

5.2.1 100Hz激励下记录结果 21

5.2.2 500Hz激励下记录结果 23

5.2.3 1KHz激励下记录结果 24

5.3 实验结果分析与比较 25

第六章 总结与展望 27

6.1 全文总结 27

6.2 展望 27

致谢 28

参考文献 29

绪论

1.1论文研究背景和意义

随着技术的进步,汽车的设计越来越趋近于轻量化,但也导致了发动机以及路面产生的振动更容易传递至车身,引起车身产生剧烈的振动,从而增加车辆的振动和噪声,进而影响驾驶员的操作。因此逐渐提高对动力总成的隔振是十分必要的内容。其中驾驶室与车架部分的分离性特点也需要对驾驶室的隔振做出优化改进。动力总成部分中的发动机系统是车辆上主要的激励源,而发动机悬置系统是连接发动机与车身之间的弹性连接系统,其性能的好坏不仅关系到车辆乘坐的舒适性,更加关系到车辆的使用寿命。

工程车辆的动力总成系统以及路面低频激励产生的振动由车架传递到驾驶室上,容易使驾驶室和车架等结构产生开裂等问题以致驾驶人员站立不稳。工程车辆的工作环境也比较复杂多变,由于受到各种方面的激励,容易对人体这个复杂的共振系统产生不好的影响。人体对于10Hz以下的振动激励十分敏感,因此驾驶员在车辆大幅震动的作用下,容易出现疲劳、迟钝、协调性差等现象,影响工作的效率、身心健康甚至容易引发工程事故等。

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