多星座融合地图匹配理论与方法研究

 2022-02-13 06:02

论文总字数:29776字

摘 要

随着现代化进程的不断加快,高楼林立的城市道路,隧道等随处可见,卫星信号受到严重遮挡,以GPS和北斗为代表的卫星导航面临前所未有的挑战。因此,迫切需要可以为城市车辆提供优良,独立性更强的导航定位解决方案。本文致力于研究一种多星座深度融合地图匹配定位导航的相关理论与方法,主要内容如下:

(1)研究了以GPS和北斗为例的多星座组合伪距单点定位理论,解决了GPS和北斗系统在时间和空间上的统一,并建立了两者融合定位模型,完成了模型的解算,程序的实现以及最后的实验验证。实验数据表明,北斗和GPS组合系统伪距单点定位算法精度较高。

(2)提出一种利用道路网约束条件和卫星伪距方程深度融合的定位算法,并对其进行了分类建模,模型解算以及程序实现和实验验证。并对两星的选取方法进行了一定的研究,研究结果表明,两星融合地图定位算法的精度不如四星及以上定位精度高,且定位结果的误差与两星在空间的分布有关。

(3)在Windows上平台上,用C 语言开发了一个支持前述算法的软件,支持利用GNSS与PC串口连接直接接收经纬度信息,并可以读取解码原始测量信息得到的rinex文件,实现GPS/BD四星及以上单点伪距定位,两星融合地图匹配单点定位的仿真。

关键词: 多星座,时间空间系统统一,伪距单点定位,地图匹配

A STUDY ON THE THEORY AND METHOD OF MULTI-CONSTELLATION

INTEGRATING WITH MAP MATCHING

Abstract

With the accelerated process of modernization, city roads with so many tall buildings and tunnels are everywhere, the signals of satellite are severely blocked. Satellite navigation represented by GPS and Compass are faced with unprecedented challenges. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a navigating and position solution with a high quality and low dependence for urban vehicles. This paper works on the theories and methods on a multi-constellation deeply integrating with map matching. The main elements are as following:

(1) The pseudo-distance single-point positioning theory based on multi-constellation combination, with the present of GPS and Compass, has been studied. The union of time system and space system has been done, and the establishment of mathematical model of GPS and Compass integration has been built. In addition, the model has been solved. At last, we have coded and done experiment to verify it. Experimental data show that, pseudo-distance single-point positioning proposed by this paper has a good accuracy.

(2) An algorithm has been put forward which takes advantage of the road network constraints integrating with satellite pseudo-distance equations. And then and the classified modeling, program implementing and experimenting have been done. Next, a research on the selection method of satellites has been done. The results show that the locating algorithm of two satellite integrating map matching is not as good as a four-satellites on the locating accuracy and the errors have some relation with the distribution of the selected two satellites.

(3) On the Windows platform, C is used to develop a software, which supports aforementioned algorithms. This software applied the serial port of GNSS receiver and PC to directly gain the latitude and longitude information, and also can read rinex file decoding from original measurement information to achieve the pseudo-distance single point positioning of GPS integrating Compass system based on four satellites, and two satellites integrating with map matching.

Keywords: Multi-constellation the union of time and space system pseudo-distance single point position Map matching

目 录

摘 要 I

Abstract II

第一章、绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与意义 1

1.2 国内外研究现状 1

1.2.1 GNSS/INS组合导航定位技术 1

1.2.2 GPS融合DR模块组合导航定位 2

1.2.3 GPS融合地图匹配车辆导航定位技术 2

1.3 论文的重点及内容安排 3

第二章、多星座融合地图匹配系统整体框架 5

2.1 整体框图 5

2.2 实验验证步骤 6

第三章、多星座组合定位数学模型及其解算 7

3.1 引言 7

3.2 卫星导航基本原理 7

3.3 GPS和北斗时间系统与统一方案设计 8

3.3.1 北斗和GPS时间系统分析 8

3.3.2 基于UTC的时间统一方案 8

3.4 GPS和北斗的空间统一方法 9

3.4.1 GPS和北斗的空间系统 9

3.4.2 GPS和北斗空间系统的统一方案 9

3.5 从广播星历推算GPS和北斗卫星位置 10

3.5.1 GPS卫星位置推算 10

3.5.2 北斗卫星位置推算 12

3.6 单点定位模型的建立及解算 12

3.6.1 组合单点定位模型的建立 12

3.6.2 组合单点定位模型的解算 13

3.7 算法程序实现 15

3.7.1 导航电文和观测电文的获取与读取 16

3.7.2 卫星位置推算和接收机位置的计算 19

3.7.3 GNSS串口通讯 19

3.7.4 实验分析 20

3.8 小结 22

第四章 多星座融合地图匹配定位理论研究及建模解算 23

4.1 前言 23

4.2 多星座融合地图算法数学模型建立 23

4.2.1大地坐标系的转换 23

4.2.2 多星座融合地图匹配模型建立与解算 24

4.3 实验验证 26

4.3.1 GPS两星与地图融合 26

4.3.2 北斗两星与地图融合 27

4.3.2 GPS两星夹角对实验结果的影响 28

4.4 进一步的思考 31

4.5 小结 32

第五章、仿真软件的开发 33

5.1 简易电子道路网络的构建 33

5.2 串口部分 33

5.3 软件生成 34

第六章、总结与展望 35

6.1 工作总结 35

6.2 尚存在的问题与展望 35

致谢 36

参考文献 37

第一章、绪论

1.1 研究背景与意义

众所周知,目前在军事和民用领域都有着广泛且深远应用的导航定位方式是全球卫星导航系统(Global Navigation Satellite System, GNSS),它是一种利用空间卫星并以无线电信号为媒介的导航定位方式,具有信号覆盖范围广,持续时间长,高精度,低成本等特点。

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