区域间能源贸易网络的安全特征及其影响机制研究

 2022-09-09 02:09

论文总字数:28379字

摘 要

尽管目前全球能源的使用向清洁化方向发展,但由于可再生能源技术条件的限制,在未来几十年中,化石能源依然在能源消费结构中占据优势地位。与此同时,能源又是一国经济发展的基础,能源贸易对于一国的生产有巨大的影响。在当前我国一带一路倡议得到巨大的发展的背景下,本文选取了新丝绸之路经济带这一区域为代表,研究其复杂的能源贸易网络。

本文选取了2006年、2009年、2012年、2015年,新丝绸之路经济带沿线的25个国家,三大化石能源(煤炭、石油、天然气)的贸易数据,以复杂网络理论为基础,使用ucinet6软件绘制三大化石能源贸易网络图,在此基础上,研究能源贸易网络的度分布、聚类系数、异质性等特征。在该区域内,煤炭、石油贸易网络不是无标度网络,而天然气贸易网络度分布基本符合幂律分布,并且三大能源贸易网络具有异质性和一定程度的集聚性。

然后,在研究区域能源贸易网络的影响机制时,再次选用了上述4年的GDP指标、是否使用相同语言的指标、国家间地理直线距离指标、是否陆邻指标及能源替代指标共5个指标,利用QAP回归分析来探究区域能源网络的影响因素。其中,对于煤炭贸易网络而言,煤炭贸易的产生与经济发展水平、是否使用相同语言、国家间是否陆邻呈正向相关关系,与实际距离呈负相关;而煤炭贸易的流量与能源替代效应呈负相关,与其余变量关系不大。对于石油贸易而言,除经济发展水平在无权网络中呈负相关、是否使用共同语言这样变量不怎么显著外,其余变量基本符合回归前的预期。对于天然气贸易网络而言,实地距离与是否陆邻这两个因素具有极高的相关性,侧面说明了天然气这种资源具有特殊的运输方式。

最后,本文基于上述研究结果,对中国在一带一路背景下,区域能源贸易合作提出了建议,主要包括政治合作、项目合作、金融合作等,为能源合作提供良好的基础。

关键字:区域能源贸易、新丝绸之路、复杂网络、度分布、QAP回归

Abstract

Although the use of global energy gets increasingly clean, due to the restriction of renewable energy technical conditions, in the next few decades, fossil energy still occupies a dominant position in the energy consumption structure. At the same time, energy is the foundation of a country's economic development, so energy trade has a huge impact on a country's production. In the context of the great development of our current initiative, this paper chooses the new Silk Road economic zone as the representative and studies its complex energy trade network.

This paper chooses the trade data of the three fossil fuels (coal, oil and natural gas) in 25 countries along the new Silk Road economic belt in 2006, 2009, 2015 and 2015, based on the complex network theory, using Ucinet6 software to draw the three fossil energy trade network map, on this basis, the study of energy trade network degree distribution, clustering coefficient, heterogeneity and other characteristics. In this region, the three fossil energy networks are not scale-free networks, but with heterogeneity and a degree of agglomeration.

Then, in the study of the regional energy trade network impact mechanism, once again selected the above four years of GDP indicators, whether the use of the same language indicators, the geographical distance between countries, whether the indicators and energy indicators alternative indicators of five indicators, QAP regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of regional energy network. For the coal trade network, the coal trade and the level of economic development, whether to use the same language, whether there is a positive correlation between countries, and the actual distance was negatively correlated; and coal trade flow and energy substitution effect was negative correlation is not related to the rest of the variables. For the oil trade, the other variables are basically in line with the pre-regression expectations, except that the level of economic development is negatively correlated in the no-right network and whether or not a common language is used. For the natural gas trade network, the field distance and whether there is a high correlation between the two factors, showing natural resources have a special mode of transport.

Finally, based on the above research results, this paper puts forward some suggestions on regional energy trade cooperation in the background of New Silk Road Economic Belt, including political cooperation, project cooperation and financial cooperation, which provides a good basis for energy cooperation.

Key words: regional energy trade, New Silk Road, complex network, degree distribution, QAP regression

目 录

第一章 绪论 1

1.1 研究背景与选题目的 1

1.1.1 研究背景 1

1.1.2 选题目的 1

1.2 研究方法与内容 2

1.2.1 研究方法 2

1.2.2 研究内容 2

第二章 相关文献综述 3

2.1 复杂网络理论综述 3

2.1.1 复杂网络理论的提出 3

2.1.2 复杂网络理论的发展 3

2.2 国际贸易复杂网络理论综述 5

2.3 国际能源贸易网络相关综述 6

2.4 本章小结 7

第三章 区域间能源贸易网络的构建及特征分析 8

3.1 能源贸易网络的构建 8

3.2 区域间能源贸易无向网络结构特征分析 12

3.2.1 节点度分析 12

3.2.2 聚类系数 16

3.2.3 异质性 17

第四章 区域间能源贸易网络影响机制分析 19

4.1 QAP分析法简介 19

4.2 影响因素分析 19

4.3 数据来源及说明 20

4.4 实证结果分析 20

第五章 结论及建议 25

5.1 结论 25

5.2 建议 25

致 谢 26

参考文献 27

附录

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