含棕榈纤维的沥青混合料力学性能评级

论文总字数：109670字

题 目_含棕榈纤维的沥青混合料力学性能评级_

（ Assessment of the mechanical properties of bituminous mixtures containing palm fibers）

___ 交通____院（系）_道路桥梁与渡河工程_专业

学 号________21014217________________

学生姓名________李 爽________________

指导教师________过 秀 成________________

起止日期2018年2月26日至2018年5月31日

设计地点____IRC laboratory, ESTP, Paris____

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论文作者签名： 日期：2018年5月31日

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日期：2018年5月31日 日期：2018年5月31日

ABSTRACT

SMA (Stone Mastic Asphalt) is a bituminous mix containing a large proportion of large aggregates, a mastic (mixture of fillers and bitumen) and fibers, which presents a good resistance to permanent deformation. However, In France, other techniques, based with the use of polymer-modified bitumen, such as the French BBTM (Béton Bitumineux Très Mince) are privileged, while SMA is little developed in France, and not at all in the Maghreb. In addition, the production of dates generates 200,000 tons of waste per year, and at present, the fibers from palm trees are insufficiently reused. Therefore, the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of palm fibers on the thermomechanical performance of SMA.

First of all, the evaluation of fiber-reinforced bitumen was conducted to analyze the influence of palm fibers on bitumen viscosity. Then, two different SMA 0/10, one with fibers and the other without fibers, were designed by Gyratory Compactor and Marshall test and their density and stability were compared. Finally, the binder drainage, water sensitivity and rutting resistance of both mixtures were evaluated.

The results demonstrated that the palm fibers can improve the compactness and binder drainage greatly. According to the results, the addition of fibers does not seem to increase compression resistance of SMA in air and in water, the compressive strength at high temperature can be enhanced. In terms of rutting resistance, the mixtures with fibers performed better at a relative long-term service.

KEY WORDS：Stone Matrix Asphalt, date palm fibers, compactability, Marshall properties, binder drainage, rutting resistance.

CONTENT

ABSTRACT I

1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Problem Statement 1

1.3 Significance and Objective 2

1.4 Scope of the Study 3

2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4

2.1 Introduction 4

2.2 Asphalt Concrete 4

2.2.1 Classification of Asphalt Mixtures 4

2.2.2 Bitumen Study and Test 5

2.2.3 Aggregates 7

2.2.4 Fiber Additives Study 8

2.3 Knowledge of Stone Matrix Asphalt 13

2.3.1 Origin and Development 13

2.3.2 Definition and Features 14

2.4 Composition of Stone Matrix Asphalt 16

2.4.1 Structure 16

2.4.2 Coarse aggregate 17

2.4.3 Fine aggregate 18

2.4.4 Filler 18

2.4.5 Bitumen 19

2.4.6 Additives 19

2.5 Design of Stone Matrix Asphalt 20

2.5.1 Size and Gradation 20

2.5.2 Binder content 21

2.6 Performance of Stone Matrix Asphalt 22

2.7 Summary of Literature Review 23

3 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMS 24

3.1 Research Contents and Organization 24

3.2 Materials Experiments 26

3.2.1 Aggregates 26

3.2.2 Bitumen 27

3.2.3 Palm Fiber 29

3.3 Formulation Design Experiments 31

3.3.1 Gyratory Compactor Method 31

3.3.2 Marshall Test 33

3.4 Performance Experiments 34

3.4.1 Schellenberg Drainage Test 34

3.4.2 Duriez Test 35

3.4.3 Rutting Test 37

4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 40

4.1 Introduction 40

4.2 Materials Properties 40

4.2.1 Aggregates 40

4.2.2 Bitumen 41

4.2.3 Fiber 43

4.3 Formulation Design 43

4.3.1 Gradation Determination 43

4.3.2 Gyratory Compaction 45

4.3.3 Binder Content Determination 47

4.3.4 Marshall Test 47

4.4 Performance Evaluation 50

4.4.1 Binder Drainage 50

4.4.2 Water Sensitivity 52

4.4.3 Resistance to Rutting 53

5 COUCLUSIONS 56

致谢 58

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 59

REFERENCE 60

1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background

As the basis for economic development, the construction of roads plays a significant role in stimulating economic growth. However, the increasing number of vehicles gives a high demand for road performance to carry the heavy traffic loads and maintain a higher durability. For hundreds of years, many road researchers devoted themselves to improve the properties of pavements. Aiming at enhancing the performance of the pavement layers, many types of asphalt mixtures modified by different way were invented. Among them, the Stone Matrix Asphalt (SMA) has a prominent reputation for its excellent resistance to rutting under the vehicle axle loads.

This type of asphalt mixture is known for its “Stone-to-Stone” aggregate skeleton, which can resist the wear of studded tires and undertake heavy loads. In addition, in comparison with classic HMA, SMA has a high content of bitumen, different additives are applied into the mixture. The introduction of additives allows a small bitumen absorption. Mixed with bitumen and filler, additives constitute the mastic and confer to the whole mixture a better strengthening. Usually, common additives are polymer, mineral and natural fibers.

Nowadays, many countries and regions already applied SMA widely in their pavements and the high resistance to rutting, fatigue and water was confirmed from lots of laboratory tests and practices.

1.2 Problem Statement

Algeria is a country in Maghreb (northern Africa). Due to the turmoil in 1990s in Algeria, plenty of roads were damaged and the maintenance work was suspended, modernizing and expanding the road network has become the priority of the government. According to data from the Ministry of Public Works, the number of vehicles will increase up to 24 million by 2025 and the Algerian government will continue investing plenty of money in road development following the 2005-25 National Road and Highway Plan (Schéma Directeur Routier et Autoroutier 2005-25)^[1]. However, the rutting damage of the existing pavements under high temperatures is an outstanding issue, generating about lots of cost in maintenance and limiting the speed of development.

As one of the world’s largest producers of date palms, Algeria has more than 160,000 hectares of date palm cultivation land, which also causes the discard of palm leaves up to 200,000 tons per year, and these wastes have not been fully recovered so far. Considering that many fibers (such as coconut, sisal, etc.) extracted from plants have already been incorporated in asphalt mixtures and the application of palm fibers extracted from date palms shows good results in concrete and other types of composite materials, it may be also an effective way to introduce this type of fibers into asphalt mixtures, and at the same time, to recycle the waste from palms.

Therefore, considering SMA owns the properties which can solve this issue and fiber additives are necessary for the composition of SMA, it may be the best choice to study the application of SMA in Algeria. Because this type of mixture has nearly never been used in Maghreb, and even in France, the use of polymer-modified bitumen is always chosen as the solution to rutting resistance rather than SMA, it is necessary to research the method of applying SMA.

1.3 Significance and Objective

The SMA mixture manufactured using Algerian aggregates, bitumen and fibers could be an economical and superior asphalt mixture for the road construction. This type of mixture can not only display prominent performance under large traffic loading, but also decrease the cost by extending service life and recycling waste of palm trees.

The objective of this study is to investigate the suitable composition of SMA that has good behavior in draindown, rutting resistance and water sensitivity with Algerian aggregates. In addition, the dosage and the length of fibers, and the methods (dry way or wet way) of introducing fibers into mixture are all the factors included. In this respect, the mixtures with fibers will be compared with a reference mixture (without fibers) to verify the contribution of fibers on mechanical properties of SMA.

1.4 Scope of the Study

This study first gives out the literature review about the research object, in particular the essential knowledge about asphalt concrete and Stone Matrix Asphalt. The study of fibers will also be involved. Then, the experimental program is described in the second part of the thesis, including introducing material properties, testing bitumen properties (penetration, softening point and viscosity), finding the suitable formulation and optimum binder content for the SMA, comparing the following performances of the mixtures added fibers with that without fibers: binder drainage tested by Schellenberg method, moisture sensitivity evaluated by Duriez test and rutting resistance assessed by rutting test. Finally, the results obtained from these experiments are discussed.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

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